Kahi ʻāpana keʻa i ka mea e manaʻo ai no nā maʻi ʻuala i kēia kau ulu.
Loaʻa i ka Light blight a mau loa paha kahi mea pono e makaʻala nā mea hana ʻuala Kanada. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā lau anilā, nā ʻōnaehana ao wanaʻao a me nā huahana kaohi i hōʻemi i ka makaʻu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Akā e like me ka ʻike o ka mea ulu, ʻaʻohe hemahema o nā maʻi ʻuala ʻē aʻe i hiki ke pela i ka pilikia i ka wā ulu. Eia kekahi e kiaʻi ai no kēia makahiki.
Kahua Pōʻō
ʻO Phytophthora infestans, ʻo ka hopena hope loa blight pathogen kuleana no ka ruinous ʻO ka wī uala ʻIlani o nā 1840s, ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻino ʻia e ka poʻe mahi ʻai ʻuala a puni ka honua mai ia manawa. Ma waho aʻe o nā lilo o ka mea kanu i hana ʻia, ʻo ka hopena o ka maʻi potato ka pipi maikaʻi loa e mālama ai, me ke kumukūʻai o ka honua ma kahi o $ 6 biliona e like me kekahi koho.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no laila, ke hoʻomau nei ka hopena o ka hopena ma ke ʻano he maʻi maʻi nui no ka hapa nui o nā mea hana ʻuala ma Kanada. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, akā, maikaʻi ʻōnaehana ʻōhumu lohi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana ua hāʻawi i kahi hāʻule nui o ka maʻi i loaʻa.
"Ua loaʻa he hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hopena hopena maikaʻi loa i nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha i hala, akā ʻaʻole i pālahalaha nui ʻia e nā maʻi nui," i wehewehe ai ʻo Dennis Van Dyk, ka loiloi no ka mea kanu mea kanu me ka Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
"He polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi loa kā mākou ma aneʻi me kahi pūnaewele spore traps i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hōʻailona mua no kā mākou mea kanu a ʻae iā lākou e wikiwiki i ka pīpī ʻana.
"Ma mua mau ka noʻonoʻo mau ka mumule, akā i kēia manawa, inā no ke anilā a no ka ʻupena hei punawelewele, manaʻo wau he lima maikaʻi kā kā mākou."
ʻO Vikram Bisht, kahi pathologist mea kanu me Manitoba mahiʻai a me ka hoʻomohala waiwai, kākau i nā māla ʻuala ʻoihana ma Manitoba i hala i hala ʻole mai ka makahiki 2018, mahalo i ka hapa nui i ka kūleʻa o ka hopena o ka pūnaewele blore spore trapping pūnaewele e makaʻala i nā mea kanu Manitoba ke P. infestans spores ua ʻike ʻia ma ka panalāʻau.
"ʻAʻohe mea i hōʻike ʻia ma 2020 o ka hopena o ke ahi, ʻoiai mākou i hopu i nā spore lohi," wahi a Bisht. "Ua hiki iā mākou ke aʻo aku i nā mea ulu a ua kākoʻo lākou i ka ante i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻehu ʻana, he mea kōkua nui ia."
ʻO Dymtro Yevtushenko, ka luna noiʻi ma ka ʻepekema ʻuala ma ke Kulanui o Lethbridge, hōʻike he mau hanana kekahi o P. infestans ʻike ʻia nā spores e ka Potato Pest Monitoring Network ma Alberta i ka makahiki i hala, akā ʻaʻole lawa e hāpai i nā bele hoʻōla.
"ʻAʻole ma luna o kekahi paepae e hopohopo ai mākou," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "No nā makahiki ʻelua i hala aku nei, ʻaʻohe lohi o ke ahi a maikaʻi loa."
Ma muli o ke aniau malimali a māno hoʻi o ke kai ʻo Maritime ma ʻAkelanika Kanada, ua nui ka pilikia o ka wā kahiko ʻo Prince Edward Island a me New Brunswick ma mua o ka nui o nā wahi mahi ʻuala i ka ʻāina. Akā ua loli ke ʻano i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka mehana o ka manawa, maloʻo ke kauwela kau e hoʻemi nei i ka hoʻoweliweli i kau ʻia e P. infestans maʻi ʻino
"Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau a mākou i hele ai i loko o nā makahiki ʻehā a ʻelima paha i hala, ua hāʻule hope loa ke ahi i nā maʻi papa inoa o ka hopohopo," i wehewehe ai ʻo Lorraine MacKinnon, ka mea lawelawe ʻoihana ʻuala me ka PEI o ka mahiʻai a me ka ʻāina. .
"Ua hele mākou i kekahi mau kau i kēia manawa me ka ʻike ʻole o nā spore lohi i ka mokupuni. ʻAʻole i noho ʻia kahi inoculum, ”i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "Ke loli nei hoʻi nā ʻano luhi o ka hopena o ka maikaʻi i emi iki paha i ka lau, a he nui nā huahana kaohi pono."
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo MacKinnon, me nā loea ʻē aʻe, i nā mea ulu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻana i kā lākou kiaʻi i ka hopena o ke ahi, i hiki ke hoʻopau i kahi māla potato i loko o nā lā he nui a pili pū hoʻi i ka maikaʻi a me ka storability o nā tubers.
“Loaʻa ka makaʻu i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka maʻi ahi i nā māla PEI. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike wānana ʻana i ke anilā a me nā pahele spore ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka wā kau, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke wānana i ke kūlana ma mua o kahi wā ulu, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
ʻO Khalil Al-Mughrabi, he pathologist ma ka Potato Development Center me ka New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture, e ʻae me ka manaʻo no ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka Maritime i nā makahiki ʻekolu i hala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia ma o ka papahana noiʻi aupuni, hoʻomau ka hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele maʻi hou a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka hopena o nā huahana fungicide i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kūʻē i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka pathogen blight.
ʻ sayslelo ʻo Al-Mughrabi ma New Brunswick, kahi papahana wānana lohi e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka manawa i kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka pōuliuli, a me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa e uhi ana i nā wahi ulu ʻuala i ka panalāʻau, ke hana ikaika ʻia nei i mea e wānana ai no ka hopena o ke ahi.
Nānā ʻo Van Dyk e nānā nei ʻo Ontario i kahi kānana hope loa o ke anuanu, US-25, a me ke ʻano like o ke ʻano like me ka blight. ʻO Phytophthora nicotianae, kahi ʻano pili i P. infestans a kumu i nā ʻōuli foliar e like me ka hopena o ka maʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma ka puka aʻe ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo New York, no laila koi ʻia nā mea kanu e hoʻouna i nā mea laʻana o nā mea kanu e hōʻike ana i nā ʻōuli o ke ahi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻike ʻia nā kānana.
PED
ʻOiai ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana mumū o ka hopena, ke piʻi nei ka hopohopo ma waena o ka ʻāina e pili ana i kahi maʻi ʻuala crippling - ʻuala make ʻuala (PED) paʻakikī.
"ʻO kahi maʻi i kū i waho i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ʻo PED," wehewehe ʻo MacKinnon. "Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kauwela mehana, maloʻo, ke ʻike nei mākou i nā pilikia he nui me ka ʻuala e make ana, a ke hopena nei kēia i nā hua no nā ʻano hana.… Hopohopo nui nā mea hana ma aneʻi."
ʻO Fumigation, ka mea e hoʻomake i ka verticillium a me nā nematodes lesion pakiaka e pili pū ana me PED, kahi hana hoʻomalu maʻamau no ka maʻi, akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia i ka PEI Ua ʻōlelo ʻo MacKinnon ma ke ʻano he hopena, e nānā paha nā mea hana ʻuala Mokupuni i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi hua biofumigant i kā lākou hoʻohuli ʻana i kēia. makahiki.
"Ke hele a maʻamau nei ʻo Mustard no kekahi mau kumu ʻelua. Hōʻike nā noiʻi i ka mustard e kūleʻa ai i ka verticillium i ka lepo, akā loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau pono no ka mālama ʻana i ka wireworm pū kekahi, "wahi a MacKinnon.
"Nui nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o ka sorghum-sudangrass, ka palaoa momi a me nā mea ulu e hiki ai ke hōʻemi i ka nui o verticillium a me / a i ʻole nematode lesion root i ka lepo."
Wahi a Van Dyk ʻoiai ʻaʻole pilikia nui ka PED ma Ontario ʻoiai ʻo ka Maritime ia, aia nō ia i ka radar o nā mea kanu i kona panalāʻau me nā mea ulu i loaʻa nā pilikia me ia, e hoʻomāhuahua ana a e nānā ana i nā hana olakino lepo ʻē aʻe.
"He ʻohi maikaʻi kā mākou, no laila inā e hoʻopili nā mea kanu i kahi fumigant no nā māla a lākou i manaʻo ai he kiʻekiʻe i nā verticillium a me nā nematodes, he manawa kūpono kā lākou e hana ai i kēlā i ka hāʻule no ka mea aia ka manawa e hana ai," wehewehe ʻo ia .
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Bisht i ke kiko ʻeleʻele a me ka lau verticillium, ma loko o ka PED paʻakikī o nā maʻi i hoʻomaka i ka make ʻana, e hoʻonui nui nei i Manitoba i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻOiai ke ʻano nui o ka wā i nā hanana o nā maʻi ʻelua, manaʻo ʻo Bisht e kiʻekiʻe ke kaomi ʻana o ka maʻi i kēia kau e hiki mai ana ma nā wahi me ka moʻolelo o ka ʻeleʻele kiko a me ka lau verticillium.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Yevtushenko e māhuahua ana ka hopohopo no PED ma Alberta a ke hoʻololi nei ke aniau i mea e hoʻoweliweli ai iā ia.
"Ke ulu nei ka wahi kanu, a pōkole paha ka huli ʻana o nā mea kanu, a ʻo kēia ka mea e alakaʻi ʻia ai i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka verticillium i ka lepo, no laila me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o ke pathogen ke manaʻo nei mākou e piʻi paha ka hanana o kēia maʻi," wehewehe ʻo ia.
Haki ka Panalāʻau
- ʻO Blackleg i Manitoba - Wahi a Bisht, maikaʻi, nā kanu kanu ʻana i ka wā i hala i ka hopena i piʻi nui ʻia ka maʻi bacteria i nā māla potato ʻo Manitoba i ka makahiki i hala ʻaʻole i hoʻopili wale i nā hua, akā ua hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i kekahi mau hale mālama. Wahi a Bisht e pono e mālama nui ʻia me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā hua ma muli o ka hopena e hōʻemi i ka makaʻu o ke kanu ʻana i ka hua blackleg i pā ʻia.
- Kahi Rot ma Ontario - Wahi a Van Dyk i nā pilikia i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻanoʻano i lawe ʻia e nā maʻi maʻi bacteria e like ʻO Dickeya dianthicola a Pectobacterium parmentieri ua lilo i hopohopo nui no nā mea hana ʻuala o Ontario. Koi aku ʻo ia i nā mea kanu e kanu i nā ʻanoʻano kiʻekiʻe i hōʻoia ʻia, e hoʻāʻo i nā lūlū hua inā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoia he maʻi ʻole lākou, koho ʻia no ka hua kānalua, a e makaʻala hoʻi i nā hōʻailona mua o ka pala palapū bacteria ma nā māla potato e like me ka puka ʻana o ka spotty a me nā mea kanu. me ka ikaika liʻiliʻi.
- ʻO Blight Wahi i ʻAkelanika Kanada - Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Al-Mughrabi he pilikia kēia maʻi i loko o nā māla ʻuala ma ka moku ʻo Maritimes i ka makahiki i hala aku nei ma muli o ka ua ʻole e hoʻokūpī i nā mea kanu a makemake i ka ulu mua ʻana o ka maʻi. "Inā hoʻomau ka maloʻo o ke aniau e hiki mai ana ke maloʻo, hiki i kahi ʻano like ke manaʻo ʻia no ka hōʻā mua ʻana," wehewehe ʻo ia.
- Pāpā maʻamau i PEI - kuhikuhi ʻo MacKinnon i ke aniani o ka maloʻo o ka panalāʻau i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i manaʻo ʻia he emi ka wai i nā tubers ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e hoʻomaka. "Ma muli o kēlā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka scab e ʻike mau ʻia, a he maʻi paʻakikī loa ia e kaohi," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia.