Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ka Iune 2021 puka o Mea Uala.
Mauʻu mau makahiki, e like me ka oat hihiu (Avena fatua L.) a me ka foxtail (setaria spp.), hiki ke lilo i pilikia i kaʻuala. Hoʻopili nā mea lāʻau he nui i mua o ka ʻike ʻana o kaʻuala a me nā mauʻu i ka mana mauʻu maikaʻi. Mai wikiwiki i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i kēlā mau lāʻau make, akā, inā lilo ka mauʻu i pilikia ma hope o ka kupu ʻana o kaʻuala.
Nā pilikia hohonu
Hoʻomoe iho ka germination oat wild e haʻalele i kahi puna maikaʻi / pau nā kauwela kauwela. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻopili ʻōpili ʻōpelu ʻōpelu kūpono kūpono nā mea āpau e pono ai, ʻeā? ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mauʻu i kaʻuala e ulu mau i ka 2 ʻīniha o ka lepo kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia nā lāʻau hoʻohua mua me ka hana lepo i kēlā hohonu, a kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hana, pāpā ʻia ka germination weed a / a pepehi ʻia paha nā mea kanu ma mua o ka puka ʻana.
Nui naʻe ka nui o nā hua oat hihiu, e hopena ana i nā mālama i lawa no ka puka ʻana mai ka hohonu a i ka 6 ʻīniha. ʻO nā mahana anuanu i kēlā hohonu i hui pū ʻia me nā lāʻau make ʻole ʻaʻole ma kahi kūpono i ka manawa kūpono e alakaʻi ai i ka oat hihi e kupu ana i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ʻo ka wela o ka lepo ma a kokoke i ka lepo kahi i wela loa no ka nāhelehele nāhelehele.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wā mua
Hiki i ka foxtail ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻōpuʻu ma loko o ke kauwela, no laila i ka manawa e wili ʻia nei nā koena lāʻau residual i lalo, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi "flush". Pono nā mea kanu koena e lōʻihi lōʻihi e kāohi i nā nāhelehele hope loa, akā ʻaʻole lōʻihi ia e hoʻopilikia ai i nā mea kanu ma hope o ka noi ʻana i kaʻuala.
Kahua sandbur (ʻO Cenchrus spinifex) hiki iā ia ke germination i ke kauwela kau. ʻO Ditto no ka barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli [L.] Beauv.). ʻOiai hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia i ka malu ʻana e nā mea kanu a ʻaʻole nui a ikaika nā mea kanu lohi e like me nā mea e ulu mua, pono paha ka mana barnyardgrass ma hope o ka puka ʻana.
Pehea?
ʻEhā wale nā mea kanu uala me ka hana foliar ma nā mauʻu: rimsulfuron (Matrix, Solida a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), metribuzin, clethodim (Koho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me sethoxydim (Poast, Poast Plus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Hiki iā Rimsulfuron a me metribuzin ke hana me ka ʻoluʻolu, akā ua ukali lākou i nā palena o nā mea kanu (ʻoiai ʻo ka sugarbeet), keu hoʻi me kahi noi o ke kau hope. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻaʻole pono ka manawa ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana (PHI) ma lalo o 60 mau lā no kekahi.
Nānā "Dims"
ʻO Clethodim a me sethoxydim, i aloha aloha ʻia e "dims" e nā ʻepekema nāhelehele - kahi ʻano like o ka hana e like me "fops" e like me fluazifop-p-butyl - hiki ke lilo i mea maikaʻi loa no ka kaohi ʻana i nā mauʻu mauʻu ulu makahiki i loko o kaʻuala. Hoʻopili wale kēia mau lāʻau make i nā mauʻu a ʻaʻohe o lākou papa hana lepo. ʻO Uptake ka mea ma o nā lau, a he mea koʻikoʻi ka uhi piha. Hiki iā lākou ke pepehi ma ke kāhea ʻana a me ka neʻe ʻana i loko a ʻoiai ʻo ka mea kanu. Loaʻa ka mana kūpono loa me ka noi ma mua o ka mahi ʻana ke liʻiliʻi ka mauʻu (ma waena o ʻelua a ʻeono pae o ka lau. Pono e noi e hoʻoulu ikaika i nā mauʻu, ʻaʻole i nā mea i lalo o ke koʻikoʻi. E like me a ma kahi e hiki ai, pono ai ka wai i mua (ma loko o hoʻokahi pule).
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo, mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka home
ʻO ka manawa no ka mālama piha ʻana hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau pule. E like me ia, mai hoʻohoka ʻole inā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā mea kanu i kēlā manawa. He "ʻōmaʻomaʻo make" maoli lākou. E nānā iā ia ma ka huki ʻana i ka lau hou. Eʻeleʻele-make ke kumu. I ka ʻōlelo ʻana, pono ʻia kahi noi ʻelua i kēia manawa inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka brown, keu hoʻi i nā wahi maloʻo a i ʻole inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mauʻu ma mua o ka pae ʻeono i ka manawa o ka noi.
Mai antagonize
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pono o Clethodim a me sethoxydim inā hoʻopili ʻia kahi lāʻau make ākea ākea, e like me rimsulfuron, a hoʻopili ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi lā o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēia mauʻu nāhelehele. Ua kapa ʻia ma ke ʻano antagonism - ke hoʻohui ʻia ke kaohi o ʻelua a ʻoi mau mea kanu i lalo o ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia o kēlā me kēia lāʻau lāʻau i noi ʻokoʻa ʻia - hiki i ka rimsulfuron ke hoʻemi i ka photosynthesis a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu mauʻu. ʻO ka hopena kahi hōʻemi o ka hana herbicidal o nā mauʻu mauʻu. No laila, inā makemake ʻia nā mea make ʻelua i ka lāʻau hope ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu, mai hoʻowahāwahā, a e ʻike pono e hoʻokaʻawale aʻe nā noi ma mua o hoʻokahi lā.
E hoʻohana mau i nā surfactants me kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau make ma hope o ka puka ʻana. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kikoʻī ma nā helu lāʻau make a me nā surfactants ma nā lepili lāʻau make. Heluhelu mau a hāhai i nā kuhikuhi lepili.
E pale aku i ke kūpaʻa
Ke hoʻohana nei i nā lāʻau ʻino ma ke ʻano he kuleana o ka hoʻokele hoʻohui pono e pale a hoʻopaneʻe paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāhui weuweu-hoʻopale nāhelehele, hoʻohui i nā herbicides me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. a e hoʻomaopopo he ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻano hana i ka hana ma ka nāhelehele like. Inā ʻaʻole, ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana i ke kuhi hewa i nā makahiki i hala, ʻo ka "hoʻokahi i loko o ka miliona" mea kanu i ka heluna kanaka kū kūʻē i ke ʻano o ka hana e ola, e hua i ka hua, a ma hope e hoʻomalu i ka lehulehu.
ʻO nā mea e ʻike ai, ua loaʻa nā hela oat hihiu kūʻē i nā "fops" ma ka Pākīpika Komohana Komohana. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia i hōʻike i ke kūʻē ʻana i clethodim a i ʻole sethoxydim.
Ma ke ala, hiki i ka rimsulfuron post-emergence, clethodim a me sethoxydim ke kaohi i ka quackgrass mau ke hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o ka pae ulu lau ʻehā. Kūpono nā kūlana, a pono paha i kahi noi ʻelua. E ʻike i nā lepili no ka ʻike hou aku.
ʻO Pamela JS Hutchinson kahi ʻepekema lau nahele a me ka loea o ka ʻōpala potato i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke Kulanui o Idaho's Aberdeen Research & Extension Center.