Hiki i ka lūlū ʻana i nā pua lūlū i nā mea kanu uala ke hōʻemi i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e ka ʻhidhid a hāʻawi i kahi ʻē aʻe i ka hōʻole ʻana i ke komo ʻana i nā insecticides no nā mea kanu. I Sekotia, ke mālama ʻia nei nā hoʻokolohua e ʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana pua i nā tramlines a me nā headland e paipai i ka lehulehu o nā predator maoli e hoʻemi i nā mea ʻino ma ke ʻāpana o kahi hoʻolālā Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
ʻO Eric Anderson, ka ʻelemakule agronomist a me ka loea ʻuala ma Scottish Agronomy, ke alakaʻi nei i nā hoʻokolokolo me kahi lālā ʻuala ʻo Scottish Agronomy ʻo Jim Reid ma Milton o Mathers Farm. ʻO Jim ka mea mālama ʻāina mahiʻai ʻoiai ʻo AHDB Strategic Potato (SPoT) a, me AHDB, Eric, a me Colin Herron a me Colin Ross mai McCain Potatoes, ke nānā nei i nā ana kū like ʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻehā makahiki o ka papahana mahiʻai SPoT.
ʻO Jim, ka mea e ulu nei i ka 80 hectares o kaʻuala, i ʻōlelo:
"ʻO ke kālepa no nā uala hua Sekotia ka mea i hilinaʻi ʻia i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa no ke olakino maʻi, a me nā kaomi o ka hōʻemi ʻia ʻana o ke komo ʻana i nā insecticides, inā ma o ke kānāwai a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana i nā aphids. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ka nānā ʻana pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ka biology a me ka kemika i kuhikuhi ʻia e mālama i ka maʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa ka nele o kahi ala holoʻokoʻa i IPM e hoʻohui i nā mea hana kuʻuna a me nā mea hana o kēia manawa. Ma o kēia mau hoʻāʻo e ʻimi nei mākou i nā kuleana biology, ke kālaolaola a me ka hoʻokalakupua pāʻani a pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo hou i ka aphid a me ka kaohi potyvirus ma kahi pālākiō. "
Loaʻa ka maʻi ma ka makahiki 2019 i nā hua kanu uala i 20 makahiki kiʻekiʻe a ʻo nā nānā ʻana o kēia kau e hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo like no 2020. ʻO ka mea hewa nui ʻo Potyvirus, PVY, ʻo ia hoʻi ka PVY.N kānana, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ʻo PLRV ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO PVYn ke kumu nei i ka hopohopo nui, e like me kā Eric, a ke nānā ʻia nei nā insecticides pyrethroid e nā mea hoʻokele. Eia kekahi, maliʻa paha ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻohana ākea o pyrethroids i ke koho ʻana no ke kūpaʻa pyrethroid a i ʻole neʻe i ka ʻike ma nā helu ma nā aphids kolone ʻole. Aia kekahi piʻi nui mai nā mea kūʻai aku no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni e paipai i nā meaola a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana kemika.
Hoʻoulu ʻia e ka noiʻi ma Rothamsted i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pua ulu hihi i loko o nā pā kāloti a me ka hana a Matthias Tschumi ma Kuikilana e pili ana i nā pono kōkua no ka ʻuala, ua ʻike ʻo Eric i nā ʻano e like me ka pua kō, ka vetch a me ka yarrow ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi loa i ka huki ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā aphids ʻO kēia nā mea kanu ulu haʻahaʻa e ana i ke kiʻekiʻe like me nā mea kanu kalo.
Ma Milton o Mathers, ʻeli ʻia nā kaha 3m ākea o kēia hui ma waena o nā kaʻa uila, e hana ana i nā kumuwaiwai pua a me kahi puʻuhonua e hoʻonanea ai i nā hoverflies, lacewings a me ladybirds. Ua hoʻohui ʻo Eric:
"E hana kēia i nā alaloa kokoke i ka mea kanu, e hoʻonui ana i nā meaolaola i kahi neʻe aku mai kahi ʻōnaehana monoculture me ka hilinaʻi nui o nā kaohi kemika a hana i nā hopena ʻoi aku ka kokoke o nā mea ʻino i nā mea ʻino. Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau nei mākou, e nānā inā he loli ka laha i lūlū ʻia a me nā lā lūlū ʻana i ka waiwai o nā ʻāpana a inā ke kākoʻo nei i nā ʻano ʻenemi kūlohelohe e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻuala a hāʻawi iā lākou i ka mea kanu ke pono.
"Ua ʻike lōʻihi ʻia e ʻumeʻume ʻia nā aphids i ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia mai ka lepo i nā moena hakahaka a me nā mea kanu pili ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lūlū ʻana i nā pua ʻāhiu a i ʻole pālahalaha ʻana i ka mulch i loko o kēia mau moena hakahaka nā hana hoʻoulu pono no ka hanauna mua - FG2 a me FG3 - nā mea kanu hua, me ka helu kaulike ʻole o nā wahi kaʻawale ma waena o nā ʻano hua lehulehu. "
ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kaohi pest e hilinaʻi nui ia i kā lākou haku mele. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻole nā mea iʻohi ʻole ʻia i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka mālama manu a mea pollinator mai hana ʻole i ka manawa like i nā kumuwaiwai i nā luna mālama olaola. Ua hōʻike ka noiʻi a Tschumi i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻekolu, ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā hoverflies i nā ʻāpana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻuala e pili ana, ʻoiai ua piʻi nui nā heluna o nā lacewings a me nā ladybirds. ʻLelo aku ʻo Eric aia he wā lohi a hiki i ka manawa e loaʻa ai i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka manawa e kūkulu ai i nā helu, no laila he mea nui ka IPM e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻano a me nā kemika e like me nā aila mineral.
Ma ke ʻāpana o ka mahiʻai SPoT o AHDB, kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe ma Milton o Mathers e komo pū ana me ka nānā ʻana i ka haulm desiccation me ka hoʻohana pū ʻana i nā hoʻohui kemika a me nā mechanical i hoʻohui ʻia. a me ka hoʻokele PCN hoʻomau. Me nā ʻano lepo waena, hoʻoulu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻuala ma ka hoʻohui o nā ʻāina ponoʻī a hoʻolimalima ʻia e ʻimi ana i ka hoʻohuli ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau makahiki. ʻO nā mea laulima ʻē aʻe i ka loiloi wildflower me Alan Johnson ma Kings (Frontier) nāna i hāʻawi ka hua ma Milton o Mathers, a me kahi papahana like e holo ʻia e Kingdom Farming, kokoke i Glenrothes, Fife, a me David Parish mai ka Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust ( GWCT).