Ke hana nei ka papahana agroforestry nui nui i kahi māla o 15 hectares ma Lelystad. Ma kēia pā, e noiʻi ʻo WUR i ka pilina ma waena o nā lālani lāʻau a me nā pā a me nā mea kanu i hiki ke kanu ʻia. Wahi a WUR, hiki i ka agroforestry ke hāʻawi i ka manawa like i nā ʻano kaiapuni, mahiʻai a me nā hoʻokele waiwai.
Me ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau mua a me nā pale ma kahi ʻāina hectare 15 ma Lelystad, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Wageningen University & Research (WUR) i kahi hale noiʻi multidisciplinary multidisciplinary nui loa no ka agroforestry. Kanu ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a me nā pā i Lelystad, me ka hui pū ʻana me nā makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki e like me kaʻuala, nā māno a me ke kāpeti. Aia ka hale noiʻi ma kahi ʻoihana ʻo Open Crops.
Kahua hoʻokolohua
"Ke holo nei ka papahana Agroforestry ma Netherlands no kekahi mau makahiki. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o nā poʻe a me nā ʻoihana ʻokoʻa i kahi manawa hoʻokolohua. I kēia manawa ke lawe nei mākou ia ma kahi pālākiō nui a ʻepekema hoʻi. I kēia hopena, loaʻa iā mākou kahi wahi o 15 hectares. E ulu mākou i nā mea kanu like ʻole i ka hoʻololi o hoʻokahi i ka ʻewalu. I kēia ala hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā hopena ma nā mea kanu like ʻole. E ulu maoli nō mākou i nā mea kanu i kēia ala ma kēia mau hectareta he 15 no 10 a 15 mau makahiki e hiki mai ana. "Wahi a ka luna papahana ʻo Maureen Schoutsen o WUR.
ʻŌnaehana mahiʻai
ʻO Agroforestry kahi ʻōnaehana mahiʻai kahi i hui ʻia ai nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau (perennial) me ka mahi ʻana a me ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu (nā mea ulu o ka makahiki) a i ʻole nā mahiʻai holoholona ma hoʻokahi pā. I ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau mea kanu, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻōnaehana mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Agroforestry ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻomau no ka mahiʻai. Wahi a WUR, hiki i ka Agroforestry ke hāʻawi i: ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hānai holoholona a me ka biomass, ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kaiaola, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o CO2, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka kūpaʻa o ka ʻōnaehana i luna a me ka honua, e hoʻonui ana i nā meaolaola, hale no nā holoholona , kūpaʻa kūleʻa o ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka makaʻu a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻāina leʻaleʻa.
Loaʻa ka ʻike palena o nā mea kanu hui
Wahi a WUR, hiki i nā mea kanu hui ke hiki ke hana maikaʻi i ka ʻoihana a me ke kaiaola ma mua o nā monocultures. Akā lawa ʻole ka ʻike a me ka ʻike i loko o ka māina kikoʻī o ka mahi ʻana o nā mea ulu lāʻau me nā mea kanu ulu a me nā mea kanu o ka makahiki. Makemake nā kānaka noiʻi WUR e loaʻa nā pane i nā nīnau e like me: He aha ka agroforestry e hāʻawi ai i ka hana a me ka momona o ka lepo? Hoʻopili ia i ke kūpaʻa a me ka maʻi a me ka pume pest? Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ke kūlohelohe a me nā mea ola i nā hana ʻoihana maikaʻi. He aha nā manawa kūpono a me nā mea keakea no kēia ʻano hui? E hoʻolako ʻia nā pono me nā mea ʻike e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili ma (micro) ke aniau, ka makani (ka wikiwiki) a me ke kūlana o ka lepo (ka mahana o ka lepo a me ka makū).
Nā Hoʻoponopono Pōʻino
ʻO nā hopena maikaʻi i manaʻo ʻia ma nā mea kanu kanu i iho i lalo e hōʻemi i ka hōʻino ʻana mai nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, kahi microclimate ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka lepo no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Wahi a WUR, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mahi ʻana lan ma ke ʻano o ka mahiʻai wehe. ʻO ka noiʻi i kēia manawa e pili ana i ka mahiʻai ʻana me nā mea kanu o ka makahiki e hōʻike ana i ka 20-75 pakeneka e hoʻemi ana i ka maʻi a me ke kaomi. Kuhi ʻia kahi meta-analysis o nā mea pests i ka mahi ʻana lan i paʻi mua ʻia e WUR e hōʻike ana ma ka awelika aia he 24 pākēneka hou aku o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me 25 pākēneka he hapa iki o nā ʻano pest pestroprop i kēia mau kipi.
Nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka agroforestry ma nā mea kanu i hoʻoulu ʻia e, no ka laʻana, hoʻokūkū no ka māmā, wai a me nā meaola. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, alakaʻi kēia i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hua kokoke i nā ʻāpana lāʻau. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hua ma kahi mamao aku mai nā kumu lāʻau ma mua o kahi ākea. ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi microclimate ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Nā hopena e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, hoʻonui i ka momona o ka lepo ma muli o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hoʻemi ʻia ka hōʻino ʻana o nā hua mai ka makani a me ka wela ke kuleana no kēia. ʻO kahi hōʻike hōʻuluʻulu o nā ʻōnaehana agroforestry me nā hua palaoa, ka maize a me ka soy e hōʻike ana i kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole e manaʻo ʻia i ka hua o ka hua ma hope o nā ʻāpana lāʻau. Pāʻani kēia hopena i kahi mamao o 1.6 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau. Hoʻohālikelike kēia i ka awelika o 30 pākēneka e hōʻemi ana i nā hua o kēia ʻāpana.
ʻOka
Wahi a kahi pepa ʻo WUR, hiki i ka agroforestry ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻonui i nā hua i hiki ke mahi ʻia a me nā mea ulu lāʻau paha. ʻO kēia ma ke kūlana o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻolālā maikaʻi kahi e nānā nui ʻia ai i nā pilina o ka hua. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā ʻano lāʻau, ka spacing row a me ke kanu ʻana i ka mānoanoa e hoʻoholo inā maikaʻi ka ʻōnaehana. Ma waho o kēia mau ʻaoʻao, pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia i mua i nā hopena hoʻokele waiwai no ke kaulike hoʻolālā kūkulu a me nā manawa kūpono no ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā hua lāʻau a me nā huahana i hoʻoponopono ʻia. Me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻia o nā hiʻohiʻona loaʻa, hiki i ka agroforestry ke lilo i hana hoʻokele waiwai hoihoi no nā mea kālepa mahiʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, inā hāʻawi ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi kālā no nā lawelawe kaiāulu, e like me ka hoʻāhu carbon a me nā mea ola.