He mea nui ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka disinfection, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka maʻi mai kekahi kau a i kekahi. He kaʻina mua koʻikoʻi kēia i nā keʻena mālama i haki ʻia nā ʻuala ma muli o ka pala a i ʻole "nā wahi wela" kahi i pohō ai ka ʻuala i ke kau mālama mua. (heluhelu i ka mahele 1)
ʻO ka noiʻi mua ma ka Kulanui o Idaho ua hōʻike mai:
- Ua ola ka scurf kala (ma muli o ka fungus Helminthosporium solani) ma ka uhi ʻana i ka huʻa a me ka papahele lepo no ka liʻiliʻi loa he 9 mahina a ma ka plywood a me ka lau metala no 3 mahina.
- Hiki ke ola ka palaho apo bacteria ma nā ʻili paʻakikī a hiki i 3 mau makahiki a hiki i 7 mau makahiki ʻehiku ma luna o ka ʻili lāʻau.
No ka lawe ʻana i nā pest mai kahi kau hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hana mahiʻai āpau.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka mālama piha ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu aʻe
1) Wehe i nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana, hoʻomākaukau i ka hale mālama no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻuala ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpala e like me nā ʻōpala kahiko, ka lipine duct, ka lāʻau, ka metala, a me ka insulation i loko o ka waihona. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia, e kau i kahi magnet ma luna o ka papahele e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea haumia i koe. He mea nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka wahi ma mua pono o nā puka waihona.
2) Wehe i 1 a 2 iniha o ka papahele lepo a hoʻololi me ka lepo ʻuala ʻole. He mea paʻakikī kēia hana i ka manawa kūpono a hiki ke hoʻopoina pinepine ʻia. Inā he pilikia mau ka maʻi scurf kālā i loko o ka waihona, a i ʻole ka hopohopo nui, he hana koʻikoʻi kēia e hōʻemi i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi. ʻO nā mea kanu i loaʻa i ka popopo bacterial ma kā lākou mahiʻai pono e hoʻololi i ka papa luna o ka lepo i loko o kā lākou hale mālama.
3) E holoi i ka hale a pau me ke kopa a me ka wai wela a i ʻole ka mahu, a laila holoi me ka wai ma hope. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holoi ʻana me ka wai wela a me ka mea holoi holoi. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kopa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kopa he mau disinfectants maikaʻi loa i ko lākou pono ponoʻī, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kohu ʻuala maloʻo a i ʻole nā koena ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka papahele, nā paia, a me nā mea hana.
- Hiki i nā mea holoi mahu ke hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea hana no ka mea, ʻo ka wela kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka mahu e hana maikaʻi loa ia i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea maloʻo. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe mahu no ka mālama ʻana i nā mahana wela kiʻekiʻe loa e pono ai no ka disinfection pono no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e pono ai. No ka disinfection kūpono, pono e mālama ʻia nā mahana wela o ka ʻili no kekahi mau minuke a ʻoi aku paha.
- Na paia/paipu paipu; e makaala i na biofilms. E hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi, ʻaʻole lawa ke kaomi ʻana o kekahi mau mea holoi kaomi e hiki ai i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā paia o loko, a pono paha kahi alapiʻi. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia nā paipu awāwa. ʻO ka waiho wale ʻana iā lākou i waho i ka lā ʻaʻole ia e hana i kahi hana kūpono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i nā mea ola e hoʻoulu ai i ka maʻi i loko o ka ʻuala ke ola ma nā ʻaoʻao mālama a me nā mea hana ma lalo o kekahi.
kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hana lākou pēlā i loko o nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o nā cell i hoʻopuni ʻia a pale ʻia e ka slime bacteria maloʻo, kohu mea kanu maloʻo, a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau hale he "biofilms." ʻAʻole hiki i nā biofilms ke ʻae wale i kekahi mau cell bacteria e ola, akā hiki ke paʻakikī loa e hoʻoheheʻe a wehe. - He hana hope maikaʻi ka ʻike ʻana i ka lā i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea hana a i ʻole nā paipu duct, ma hope o ka holoi ʻana a me ka disinfected.
4) E kau i kahi disinfectant ma nā ʻili āpau. Pili pū kēia ʻāpana i nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻuala a me nā ʻōnaehana lawelawe. Pono ka uhi piha a me ka piha o nā ʻili āpau—me ka plenum, nā paipu duct, ka hale waihona, a me ka hale pā.
E mālama i ka pulu disinfectant no 10 mau minuke. Aia kekahi mau mea hana i ʻae ʻia, ʻo ia mau mea a pau he like like ka hopena i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi mau alakaʻi maʻalahi. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka disinfectant solution no 10 mau minuke. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia lōʻihi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka pepehi maikaʻi ʻana i nā pathogens i loaʻa i nā mea hana a i loko o ka hale mālama. E nānā i ka lepili o ka disinfectant e ʻike inā pono ka holoi ʻana. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi disinfectant e hōʻoia i ka hōʻailona ʻia a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka huahana ma ka mokuʻāina āu e hoʻohana ai.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi disinfectant mālama
He mea kōkua paha kēia mau nīnau i ke koho mua ʻana i kahi disinfectant mālama. E nānā i ka lepili (a me ka lepili hou) no kēia mau mea:
- Aia kekahi mau manaʻo palekana a i ʻole nā mea pale pale i manaʻo ʻia (PPE)?
- Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka huahana no nā ʻili porous a/a i ʻole porous surfaces?
- Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka huahana no ka hale mālama a/a i ʻole nā mea lawelawe ʻuala?
- Pono ka holoi hope?
- Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka huahana no ka hoʻohana wale ʻana ma nā hale ʻuala hua a me nā lako?
Ke kuleana o ka ʻili i ke koho ʻana i kahi disinfectant. ʻO kahi nīnau hou e nīnau ai i ke koho ʻana i kahi disinfectant kūpono ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻili e hoʻopau ʻia.
Porous versus porous ʻole. ʻO ka ʻili "porous" kekahi ʻili permeable e like me ka lāʻau, insulation, a i ʻole ka lepo lepo. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻili "non-porous".
ʻaʻole paʻa, paʻakikī a ola ʻole, e like me ke metala, aniani, a i ʻole ke kaʻa.
- Hiki i ka calcium a me ka sodium hypochlorite ke hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻili metala. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hypochlorites a me nā huahana hydrogen peroxide e nā mea kūlohelohe a no laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi i ka lepo a me ka lāʻau. He mea koʻikoʻi nā kūlana lepo a me nā ʻōpala no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena maikaʻi loa me kēia mau ʻano mea.
- Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i nā pūhui chlorine, hoʻopaʻa i ka hopena i ka pH o 6.0 a 7.5 no ka maikaʻi loa. E hōʻole i ka hui ʻana i nā pūhui chlorine me ka wai wela a i ʻole me nā huahana ʻē aʻe ke ʻae ʻia ka hana ma ka lepili.
Disinfect no 10 a 15 mau minuke; pani pani no 2 pule. ʻO kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi e hahai ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻili me ka disinfectant solution no ka liʻiliʻi o 10 a 15 mau minuke. I ka pau ʻana o kēia kaʻina, e pani i ka waihona no nā pule 2 a wehe i nā puka no ka ea a hoʻomaloʻo i nā wahi waiho. Inā he 2 pule
ʻAʻole ia he koho, e hoʻāʻo e hāʻawi i ka manawa e maloʻo ai ka ʻili ma mua o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka waihona me nā ʻuala.
Kemika disinfectant
ʻO kēia ka papa inoa o nā kemika disinfectant maʻamau i loaʻa, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana hou aʻe a kūpono i ka ʻili e pono ai ka disinfecting:
- ʻO Sodoma hypochlorite
- Kalipuna hypochlorite
- Ammonium hypochlorite
- Hoʻololi maʻa
- Kuinolinolate keleawe
- Ammonium Quaternary
- ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide a me / a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa peroxyacetic.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano o nā kemika i nā hōʻailona like ʻole i hana ʻia e nā mea hana like ʻole, a he nui nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka pakeneka o ka mea hoʻoikaika ikaika, ʻae ʻia nā helu noi, a inā paha i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka huahana no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻuala a me nā lako hana. Hiki i nā limahana ʻoihana, e like me kāu mea lawelawe mālama mālama, ke hana i nā mea āpau a i ʻole kekahi o kēia mau hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hua e hiki mai ana.
E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka waiho ʻana ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua ʻuala
He hana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kāu waihona i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ka hua a ma mua o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua ʻuala no ka ʻoki ʻana a me ke kanu ʻana. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia
no nā mea kanu pāʻoihana i hoʻohana mua i ka sprout inhibitor chlorpropham (CIPC) me ka hiki ke koe o ke koena i loko o ka waihona. Hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka ulu ʻana a hiki ke ulu inā ʻike ʻia ka hua i nā koena CIPC. Manaʻo ʻia e pale i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua i loko o kahi waihona i mālama ʻia me CIPC a hala hoʻokahi makahiki mai ka mālama ʻana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia ka hale mālama a me ka ʻōnaehana ea. E nānā mau i ka lepili huahana CIPC no nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī a me nā kapu no ka mālama ʻana i nā hua ma hope.
Nora Olsen ʻO ke Kulanui o Idaho Extension Potato Specialist aia ma Twin Falls. Phil Nolte he UI Extension Seed Potato Specialist aia ma Idaho Falls.