ʻO Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) ka pest insect helu ʻekahi o kaʻuala a puni ka honua. He ʻenemi kūpilikiʻi ia; waiho uncontrolled hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i kahi mea kanu, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi koke a kūkulu i ke kūʻē i nā kaohi kemika
"Ua kapa ʻia ka beetle potato ma ke ʻano he pepelu pepelu no ke kūʻē - ua loaʻa he ala e lanakila ai ka hapanui o nā insecticides a mākou i hoʻolei ai iā ia," wahi a Bill Moons, kahi agronomist hoʻomohala mākeke no Bayer Crop Science. Mai ka manawa i hoʻolauna mua ʻia ai, ua hōʻoia nā lapaʻau neonicotinoid i ka laina ʻoi loa o ka pale kūʻē iā CPB, akā e lilo ana kēia mau mea i mea liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina, i ʻōlelo ʻo Moons.
"ʻO ka hapa nui o nā eka ke loaʻa nei kahi neonicotinoid i mua. I ka manawa i hoʻolauna mua ʻia ai, ke loaʻa nei iā mākou he 90 mau lā o ka pale, akā ua iho ia i 50 a 60 mau lā i kekahi mau wahi, no laila he pono no kekahi ʻano hana ʻē aʻe he pono, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "He mau pilikia koʻikoʻi kā mākou ma Manitoba a me nā ʻāpana o [Ontario a me] Quebec."
Hoʻohui ka hoʻomalu pest integrated (IPM) i nā ʻano pono like ʻole o nā pono hana - meaola, kino a me nā kemika - e hōʻemi i nā makaʻi mai nā mea ʻino. Ke hiki mai i ka mālama ʻana iā CPB, koʻikoʻi ka IPM. ʻO ka hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi i nā pahu hana o nā mea hana, e ʻōlelo ʻo Moons, ʻo ke kaʻapuni ʻana o nā chemistries. Ma waho o neonicotinoids (Pūʻulu 4A), aia kekahi chemistries mai nā hui ʻē aʻe ma ka mākeke; ka mea hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e pili i ka Pūʻulu 5 (spinosyns) a me ka Pūʻulu 28 (diamides).
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohuihui ʻana a me nā kime lohi e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia huahana, akā e like me ka paʻa ʻana o ka pīpī a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā paepae waiwai. "Kūleʻa maikaʻi kaʻuala, nui ka nui o ke kumu waina a hiki ke lawe i kahi nui o nā hōʻino. Inā hiki i nā mea hana ke hōʻalo i ka pīpī ʻana, e kōkua ia e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā huahana. ”
ʻO ohn Gavloski ka entomologist hoʻolōʻihi no ka Manitoba Agriculture and Development Development. I ka makahiki i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua ʻike ʻo Manitoba i kekahi mau hanana o CPB i Iulai a me ka ʻāpana hope o ka wā ulu. "ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea, manaʻo mākou he mea pakele, ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā mea ulu i loaʻa kahi lāʻau hoʻomalu a i ʻole ka noi in-furrow," i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "Aia kekahi hōʻike maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o nā nalo potato." He pono no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kahi ʻoki no CPB no ka mea e "hana ʻoi aku ka ikaika" i nā ʻiala e ʻike i nā māla ʻuala, i ʻōlelo ʻo Gavloski, ʻoiai e neʻe maʻalahi ka pest i waena o nā māla i loko o ka radius hapahā mile.
"Kūkākūkā mākou i ka poʻe e nānā a hoʻohana i nā paepae e hoʻāʻo e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka foliar spraying," wahi a Gavloski. Hoʻohui ʻo ia i ka ʻuala hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka 25 a 30 kenetene defoliation ke hiki lākou i nā wā lau nahele, akā ke hoʻomaka ka nui o ka paipu, e hoʻomaka koke ana ma hope o ka pua ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui ma kahi o 10 pakeneka defoliation. Ma muli o ka hiki i nā poʻe kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke i nā mea kanu, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke loaʻa ma kahi o 10 pākēneka defoliation. Hele nā larvae CPB ma o nā hanana ulu ʻehā. Hoʻokumu nā larvae kahiko ma mua o 75 pakeneka o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka hānai. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana, inā pono, pono e kuhikuhi ʻia no ka manawa ʻo ka larvae kahiko i ke kolamu o ka ulu (ma kahi o ʻelima mau mile ka lōʻihi) ʻEwalu mm o ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae.
Nā huahana hou
Ua hoʻolauna hou ʻo Bayer i kahi papahana 28 hou i kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo vayego® hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kaohi iā CPB a me ka nalo ʻuala potato a me ka mea ʻai palaoa ʻEulopa. He diamide hanauna ʻelua (tetraniliprole), he koena ka mana o ka huahana i like a lōʻihi paha ma mua o nā huahana ʻē aʻe ma ka mākeke, i ʻōlelo ʻo Moons. "I kēia makahiki e paipai mākou i nā mea ulu inā lākou e hele nei me kahi neonicotinoid i mua, ke hoʻomaka ka haki o kēlā pale, hiki iā lākou ke hele mai me kahi huahana e like me vayego, kahi e hāʻawi ai iā lākou i ka pale he ʻelua pule. Hiki iā lākou ke hala iā lākou i ka manawa manawa koʻikoʻi o ka hua, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
No ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huahana, ʻōlelo ʻo Moons e hoʻololi nā mea hana i kahi huahana Group 5 inā koi ʻia kahi noi foliar ʻelua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ka noi ʻelua, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ʻia ka vayego e kūʻē iā CPB i nā pae āpau. "Ma nā kahua i hāʻawi ʻia, loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mea mai nā hua manu a i ka hā o ka instar a hiki i nā mākua. ʻO ia ka mea maikaʻi me ka vayego - ʻaʻole ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ka māka ʻana iā lākou i kahi wā ulu ulu, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
He palapala noi ʻelua noi ʻo Vayego, akā ʻōlelo ʻo Moons ʻaʻole koi ʻo Bayer i kahi noi ʻoihana 28 i ka pā. "ʻAʻole makemake mākou e puhi i ka Pūʻulu 28," e akahele. "Inā hiki iā mākou ke kaʻanalike ma waena o neonics, Group 28s a me Group 5s, hiki iā mākou ke lawelawe maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i kēia pest e neʻe nei i mua." ʻO Darin Gibson, kahi mea noiʻi kūʻokoʻa me Gaia Consulting ma Manitoba, i hana i ka noiʻi ʻikepili ma vayego i waena o nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia i ka mana o vayego i kahi mana koena maikaʻi a kūleʻa ia i nā larva a me nā mākua.
ʻ sayslelo ʻo Gibson he pilikia paha ia e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻonui i ka kaohi o nā kolo inā neoneo nā neonicotinoids i ka wanaʻao - akā he mea nui ia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā chemistries a hiki i ka wā e pono ai lākou. "I kekahi manawa ʻo ka hopena o ke kuli ke kuhi inā ʻike ʻoe i kekahi mau hua a me nā ʻūlū i kāu hua ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāu neonic, pono ʻoe e pīpī, akā makemake ʻoe e kali a hiki i kou lawa ʻana i nā larva ma laila ʻo ʻoe ke hoʻonui nei i kāu noi e kaohi i nā mea kolo i hiki iā ʻoe, "i ʻōlelo ʻo ia. "ʻO ia paha ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i kekahi defoliation."
Nā manaʻo pest hou aʻe
ʻO Bayer's Sivanto® Kuhikuhi ka Prime insecticide (Pūʻulu 4D) i nā mea ʻino ʻino e kī hōʻino ana, e like me nā aphids a me nā leafhoppers - ʻoiai e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ana i nā hopena o nā pepeke maikaʻi. Hāʻawi ka huahana i kahi kīkēkē wikiwiki a me ke koena o nā pests pākuhi; ka neʻe translaminar ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea ʻino ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o nā lau i hoʻokumu ʻia.
No ka kaohi o nā aphids, psyllids a me nā whiteflies, Bayer's Movento® insecticide, kahi hui 23 (spirotetramat) kemika, kahi koho e hāʻawi i ka mana ʻōnaehana a me ke koena. Hana ʻo Movento ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana lipid o nā ʻeneka, a ʻo ka mea hope loa e luku iā lākou. Ma muli o ka hopena o Movento e kūʻē ana i nā aphids, hiki iā ia ke kaupalena i ka makaʻu o Potato virus Y (PVY). Pono e hoʻokumu i nā hoʻohana insecticide i loko o kahi papahana IPM e komo pū ana me ka mākaʻikaʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā moʻolelo, a hoʻohui i kēlā me kēia pono hana no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i nā pilikia o ka pest. Hoʻohihi ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ke ola o nā insecticides.
Manaʻo ʻo Gibson e hoʻāʻo nā mea hana e hoʻowalewale i ka hoʻowalewale inā manaʻo lākou he kūpaʻa lākou e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā nalowale waiwai ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka pīpī ʻana - he ʻano “kula kahiko” ia, akā hiki ke kōkua. ʻO ke kuhi, i ʻōlelo ʻo Gibson, pono i nā mea hana ke hana i nā mea āpau e hiki ai ke mālama i nā insecticides i ka holo ʻana. "ʻO ka mea aʻu e haʻi pinepine aku ai i ka poʻe, pono mākou e hana i nā mea maʻalahi e like me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā pūʻulu insecticide a me ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻowalewale ʻana a me ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i nā mea kahiko e like me nā ʻōpala, nā flamers a me nā ʻauwaha. ʻAʻole makemake mākou e hoʻi i kēlā mau mea, ”i ʻōlelo ʻo ia.
No ka 'ike hou aku, makaikai chemicals.bayer.ca/Product/Insecticides/Vayego.