ʻO nā mea kanu uhi nā mea kanu i lūlū ʻole ʻia no ka ʻohi ʻana akā e hoʻopili ʻia i ka lepo i kekahi manawa i ko lākou ulu ʻana. I ka mahi ʻuala, hiki ke ulu i nā mea kanu i:
* pale i ka lepo mai ka ʻaʻai ʻana;
* hoʻolako i nā meaola hou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka tilth o ka lepo;
* pale i ka leaching o nā meaola;
* lawelawe ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai o ka nitrogen (i ka hihia o nā mea kanu uhi leguminous); a
* kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau pilikia pest (e laʻa me ka: nāhelehele, nematodes).
Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea kanu uhi i nā ala aʻe i ka hana uala:
* E like me manures ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻokumu i ka makahiki imua o kanu uala. Hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o kaʻuala me kahi hua mua i uhi ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻa uila a me ka tilth o ka lepo. Heʻoiaʻiʻo maoli nō kēia i nā anuanu mehana kahi e wikiwiki ai ka turnover o nā meaola, akā ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi i nā anuanu anuanu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hopena o kahi hua uhi uhi ma mua e like me ka noi ʻana o 10 a 90 t / ha o ka manure, e hilinaʻi ana inā i hoʻoulu ʻia ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole.
* E like me hopu i nā mea kanu ma hope o kaʻuala e ʻohiʻohi. ʻO kahi hua hopu kahi hua i ulu ʻia i ka makahiki like me ka hua nui akā ma hope o ka hua nui. ʻO ka hana nui o ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kanu i kēia hihia ka pale ʻana i ka lepo mai ka ʻaʻai a me ka pale ʻana i ka leaching o nā meaola i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e kaʻuala. Hiki ke mahi ʻia i ka hāʻule a mālama ʻia paha ma ke ʻano he uhi uhi uhi hānai e mahi ʻia i ka puna.
* Ma ke ʻano he hōʻiliʻili kau piha i ka huli ʻana me kaʻuala. ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia hana ka mea maʻamau e hoʻonui i nā pae o ka meaola a hoʻopili i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea kanu makua ma mua o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i ʻāpana o kahi nāhelehele non-kemikal a i ʻole ka hoʻomalu pest.
ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu e hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kanu uhi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelima mau papa nui:
* Legume;
* Nā palaoa a me nā mauʻu;
* Na kea;
* Nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu;
* Nā hoʻohuikau o nā mea i luna.
E nānā kākou i nā maikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o kēia mau mea kanu a ʻike pehea e hoʻohana pono ai lākou i ka hana ʻana i kaʻuala ma Northeheast North America.
LEGUME
Aia i loko o ka ʻohana legume nā mea kanu hānai e like me clovers, vetches a me alfalfa, a me nā mea kanu lāʻau e like me nā soybeans, nā ʻohana a me nā lupine. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka nitrogen mai ka lewa me ke kōkua o nā koʻohune kikoʻī e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi waiwai kūikawā ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka "free" nitrogen ma ka mahiʻai. Minamina, koi ʻia nā legume no kā lākou ulu pono ʻana i kahi pH lepo kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka mea e pono ai e hana i ka uala manuahi.
ʻO nā ʻano legume i hoʻohana mau ʻia no ka uhi ʻana i ka uhi ʻulaʻula a me ka vetch huluhulu. ʻO kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi kahi punahele no ka cereal underseeding ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka hua a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ulu e like ke kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, no laila ʻaʻole e keakea i ka ʻohi ʻana o ka mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā clovers ke hoʻokipa i ka lau verticillium. Wahi a kahi noiʻi Dutch, keʻokeʻo hiki i ka clover i lalo i ka cereals ke hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka hua o ka ʻuala e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hairch vetch kahi ulu wikiwiki i ka hoʻoilo i kēlā me kēia makahiki akā ʻaʻole ola i ka hoʻoilo i ka hapa nui o Kanada kahi mea e pono ai ma ke ʻano he hua uhi.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā legume pulse e like me nā mea hoʻohuli akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea kanu uhi. ʻO ka soy kahi manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo maikaʻi loa ma mua o kaʻuala ma ke ʻano mahana. ʻOi aku ka hoʻomanawanui o ka acidity o ka lepo ma mua o ka nui o nā legume a maikaʻi i ka scab. ʻO kahi hemahema o ka soybean i ulu ma ke ʻano he mea kanu ia ia e hua ai i ke koena a no laila ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka mālama ʻana i nā pae meaola lepo. ʻO Lupine kahi punahele ma nā ʻāina hikina o ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he hua uhi i mua o kaʻuala. ʻO kona hopena ma nā hua e mau no ʻelua mau makahiki i ka hoʻololi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano lupine i ʻAmelika Hikina ʻĀkau. He hopena pāpā ka hopena no nā nematodes a me ka rhizoctonia a hiki ke lilo i koho maikaʻi loa ma lalo o kā mākou kūlana.
Legume ma mua o kaʻuala
Hiki ke kanu i nā legume e like me ke kau piha e uhi ana i nā mea kanu me kahi mea kanu kahu cereal (e laʻa: ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i lalo i nā ʻoka, ka palaoa a me ka palaoa) a i ʻole he hua i hopu ʻia i ka makahiki ma mua o kaʻuala. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka mea kanu kahu cereal hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻohiʻohi. Hoʻonui piha ka legume ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka palaoa. Ma nā lepo māmā, ua palau ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana a lilo ia i kumu hoʻokuʻu lohi o ka hauota no ka hua ʻuala ʻoiai e pale ana i ka lepo i ka hoʻoilo a pau. I loko o kahi noiʻi Kelemania, ua hāʻawi ka clover ma lalo i nā cereal i nā hua pālala kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana ma mua o ka pue wale ʻana, nā sunflowers a i ʻole nā legume i lūlū ʻia ma hope o ka ʻohi palaoa. Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala lohi o ka ulu ʻana o nā legume, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hoʻolako i kahi uhi maikaʻi inā kanu ʻia e like me nā mea i hopu ʻia ma hope o ka ʻohi palaoa.
Ma hope o kaʻuala
E like me ka hihia no nā cereala, lohi loa ia ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i kaʻuala e kanu i kahi legume, ke ʻole he ʻohi mua. ʻO ka lūlū ʻana i ka legume i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka manawa nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka makaʻu i kahi makahiki maloʻo (paipai ʻia ka moena hua. Hoʻonui ka wikiwiki o ka vetch hairy a me ka crimson clover ma mua o nā legume ʻē aʻe a koi ʻia e hopu i nā mea kanu ma hope o kaʻuala. Minamina, pipiʻi kā lākou mau hua a e hoʻoponopono lākou i kahi hapalima o ka nitrogen o ka lūlū ʻana i ka puna.
ʻO CEREALS AND GRASSES
a) Rai
I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻo ka rai ka mea i makemake nui ʻia e uhi a i hoʻohuli ʻia paha no ka uala, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka lepo māmā. ʻAʻole like me nā legume, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi pH kiʻekiʻe a hoʻokūkū nui i nā nāhelehele. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea kanu maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i ka leha ʻana o nitrate i ka hāʻule. ʻAe hoʻomanawanui ʻo Rye i nā mahana hoʻoilo haʻahaʻa. Minamina, paʻakikī ka rai i ka make i ka puna a hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻokipa no nā nematodes e hoʻouka i kaʻuala. Ma ke ʻano he hua kālā, he palena palena ko ka rai ma ka hikina ʻo Kanada, ʻoiai e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hānai holoholona. ʻO Rye kahi maʻalahi loa i ergot.
Ma mua o kaʻuala
Hiki ke kanu ʻia ʻo Rye ma hope o kekahi hua cereal. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia i hoʻomake ʻia i ka hoʻoilo, pono e luku ʻia i ka puna aʻe e ka mahi ʻana a i ʻole nā mea kanu lāʻau. Kanu ʻia ʻo Rye i ka helu like me nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe (100-120 kg / ha). He hopena maikaʻi paha kā Rye i ka hua o kaʻuala ma hope. He hana maʻamau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia i nā lepo ʻuala one o New Jersey a me Long Island e loaʻa ka rai a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka rai a me ka vetch i mua o kaʻuala. ʻO kā Rye kuleana e mālama i ka tilth i loko o kēia mau lepo, ke hoʻolako ʻia nei ka hauhene e nā mea momona mineral. Ua hana ʻia ka mahi palau i ke kakahiaka nui i ʻike ʻia ua huli ka liʻiliʻi o ka rai i lalo o kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o ka nui o ka nui ma mua o ka nui.
Ma hope o kaʻuala
ʻO Rye kahi hua uhi maikaʻi ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kaʻuala. Loaʻa iā Rye kahi hiki ʻole ke ulu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ia i kahi uhi lepo pale no ka hoʻoilo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā mulhes hay. I nā wahi ʻākau, pono e lūlū i ka rai i ka mua a i ka waena o Kepakemapa, ʻoiai i nā wahi maikaʻi e hiki ke lūlū ʻia a hiki i ka mua o ʻOkakopa. Inā e lūlū ma hope, pono e hoʻohana i nā helu hua kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe i ka rai ʻeli ʻana ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana o ka ʻuala ʻo ia ke hoʻolaha ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻana i kaʻuala. Inā e ʻohiʻohi ʻia ana ka rai i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, paipai ʻia e ʻokiʻoki i ka mauʻu ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana a hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻana. E lūlū nā hua rai i waiho ʻia ma hope a hana i kahi hua uhi maikaʻi. ʻO kahi koho ʻē aʻe i nā legume hua-hau i ka rai i ka puna.
b) Nā palaʻai puna
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā cereala puna e like me nā mea hoʻohuli ma mua o ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kanu me kaʻuala. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke lūlū ʻia nā ʻoka, ka bale a i ʻole ka palaoa e like me nā mea kanu i hopu ʻia ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i kaʻuala. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka rai, make lākou i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e lilo ai i mea maikaʻi. Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi cereal puna e like me ka hua hoʻohuli i lūlū ʻia i ka puna a ʻohi ʻia i ʻAukake, nā hua i waiho ʻia ma hope e hāʻawi pinepine i kahi hua uhi uhi maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo Barley ke koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e hoʻonui i nā pae scab i ka hua ʻuala aʻe.
c) Mauʻu
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mileta Kepanī, ka mauʻu sorghum / sudan a i ʻole ryegrass ma ke ʻano he uhi piha i nā mea kanu a hiki pū kekahi ke kumu o ka ʻai. ʻO ka pinepine, ulu kēia mau mea kanu e mālama i ka ʻike humus o ka lepo e luku pinepine ʻia i ka moʻomeheʻu potato. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka wili palaoa Kepanī a me ka mauʻu sorghum / sudan pono ʻoe e kali a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka maka o ka hau e kanu iā lākou. ʻOiai ke kali nei, hiki i ka lū ʻia. No laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka uhi ʻana o ka lepo makahiki me kēia koho.
KEKAHI MANUAHI
ʻO nā mea kanu uhi Cruciferous nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana cabbage e like me ka ʻeke keʻokeʻo, ka radish aila a me ka canola / rape. Hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou e like me nā mea kanu uhi i ka mahi ʻuala, keu hoʻi ma nā ʻāina hikina o ʻEulopa. Hiki iā lākou ke kanu koke ma hope o ka ʻohi palaoa ʻana (ka lūlū hua: 10-15 kg / ha) a ma hope paha o ka ʻohi ʻana i kaʻuala. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia ke kea, a i ʻole momona ʻia ma mua o ke kanu ʻana me ka manure a i ʻole nā mea kanu mineral.
Hāʻawi nā Crucifers i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi. Ulu wikiwiki lākou, pale aku i ke anuanu hāʻule anuanu, maikaʻi loa nā nitrogen accumulator, ʻemi kā lākou hua a pepehi ʻia lākou i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopau pū lākou i nā nematodes. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻoia ka hopena o ka sinapi i kahi hopena suppressive e kūʻē i ka scab a me ka rhizoctonia. Hoʻokahi hemahema kūpono paha ka phytotoxicity i kahi puna maikaʻi.
Ma mua o kaʻuala
Hoʻonui ka hua Cruciferous uhi i nā mea maloʻo o ka hua ʻuala aʻe. I loko o Ukraine, ua loaʻa ka lōlau a i ʻole radish uhi i nā mea kanu i ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi hui peas-oats ma mua o kaʻuala. I Polani, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūleʻa kahi i noi ʻia ai kahi ʻāpana o ka nitrogen i ka hua ʻuala aʻe e hōʻino ai i ka hāʻule ma mua. Hāʻawi nui ka hua uhi i ka meaʻai o kaʻuala. I Kelemania, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana kahi e hoʻomākaukau ai ka ʻāina no ke kau ʻuala e hiki mai ana ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka palaoa, a hana ʻia nā kualono a mākaukau no ke kanu ʻana. Kūkulu ʻia kahi hua uhi o ka radish aila a pua nani paha ma nā kualono e hoʻolako i kahi uhi lepo i ka hoʻoilo. I ka pū aʻe e hiki mai ana, kanu ʻia kaʻuala me nā keʻa i pepehi ʻia e ka hau i ka uhi ʻana i ka lepo. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā hua uala me kēia ʻōnaehana. I Lūkia, kahi hua uhi o ka radish, mustard a i ʻole ka pue wale ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana o ka rai i hopena maikaʻi i ka hua o kaʻuala.
Ma hope o kaʻuala
Hiki ke kanu i nā Crucifers ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kaʻuala. Pale pono lākou i ka leha ʻana o ka nitrate ʻoiai ke kaohi nei i ka nāhelehele a me ka pale ʻana i ka lepo. I ka wā o ka hoʻoilo i luku ʻia, pono lākou e mahi ʻia i ka lepo i ka puna aʻe. I nā kūlana maloʻo, e like me nā Prairies, nā koena o ke keʻa i kekahi manawa e hana ana i ka hopena o nā hopena phytotoxic i nā hua cereal aʻe. Inā kanu ʻia nā keʻa i ka hopena o ka hopena (hopena o ʻAukake-kakahiaka Kepakemapa), pono e hoʻohana i nā helu lūlū kaumaha. Inā mahana ka hāʻule i ka wā maʻamau, pono ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wā pua e pale aku i ka ʻumiʻumi mai ka hele ʻana i ka hua.
HOPE HOPE HOU
ʻO Phacelia kahi koho ʻē aʻe akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi e lūlū ma mua o nā mea kanu i kūkā ʻia ma mua. Piʻi ia e like me nā cereala puna akā hiki ke lūlū ʻia ma ke ʻano he hua hāʻule hāʻule ma hope o ka palaoa a me ka ʻohi potato mua. ʻO ka Sunflowers kahi hua paʻa uhi paʻa a maikaʻi loa i nā nāhelehele, akā koi ʻia i ka wela a no laila kūpono i nā wahi mehana. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ʻo Buckwheat akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me he mea lā i hopu ʻia no ka mea make maʻalahi ʻia e ka hau. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he hua hoʻohuli a i ʻole he hua uhi uhi piha. ʻO kahi laʻana, no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahua maikaʻi, hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lūlū ʻana o ka buckwheat i ke kau like ke hana. ʻO ka makaʻu o ka lūlū ponoʻī he kiʻekiʻe me ka buckwheat.
NA MEA PONO
Ua hana ʻia kahi hana noiʻi nui (ma ka hapanui ma ʻEulopa) ma nā hoʻohuihui o nā ʻano mea kanu uhi ʻokoʻa. Ma waho o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia nāhelehele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāwili ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokahi i uhi i nā mea kanu ma nā hua o ka ʻuala e hiki mai ana. O kahi laʻana:
* ʻOi aku ka hui ʻana o ka rai / vetch ma mua o ka rai wale a i ʻole ka pue wale ʻana;
* ʻOi aku ka hui ʻana o ka sinapi / vetch / peas ma mua o ka pua nani.
ʻOi aku kekahi o nā hui a i like paha me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. O kahi laʻana:
* ʻOi aku kahi hui kolohe / radish ma mua o kahi ʻulu / peas;
* ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka rai a me ka vetch e like me ka hui ʻana o ka rai a me ka ʻāpala;
* ʻO Rye / Vetch a i ʻole rape / vetch hoʻohuihui kahi koho maikaʻi loa me kahi noi manure māmā (10 t / ha).
Ke mālama ʻia nei kahi noiʻi nui ma ke Kulanui o Maine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohuli ʻelua mau makahiki i loko o ka ʻuala a ukali ʻia e kahi hua uhi uhi piha o ka oats-pea-vetch (50lbs-100lbs-30lbs / acre). Hāʻawi kēia hui i 250 lbs. o ka naikokene / ac no kaʻuala.
E FERTILIZE i ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ʻaʻole?
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe mea e koi ʻia nā mea kanu manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe ma nā hua kaʻuala e hiki mai ana ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka manure a i ʻole ka N fertilizer, a i ʻole ʻelua paha. ʻAʻole pono nā hana kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa me ka manure 10-20t / ha a i ʻole 60kg N / ha). Inā hāhai lākou i kahi hua ʻuala, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomomona ʻia nā manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila hana lākou e like me nā mea i hopu ʻia a hana hou i nā meaola āpau.
NĀ PALAPALA HOPE NUI MA POTATOES
Ke aʻo ʻia nei nā ʻōnaehana hana uala me ka interseeding ma ke Kulanui ʻo Cornell. ʻAʻole hoʻolaha nā hopena mua. ʻIke ʻia nā hua ʻuala i hoʻemi ʻia me nā cereal interseeded a me / a i ʻole nā legume. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi kaohi nāhelehele pono me nā interseeds wale nō, inā ua lūlū ʻia lākou 3, 4, a i ʻole 5 mau pule ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i kaʻuala. Pono e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau make ʻole i hoʻomake ʻole i nā mea kanu interseeded e hoʻokō ai i kahi pae ʻae o ka nāhelehele ʻoluʻolu. No laila, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono i ka interseeding e like me ka mea i aʻo ʻia e nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo Cornell no kaʻuala.
COVER CROPPING SCENARIOS NO KAHI HUAHI MAKAHI MAKAHI
No ka hapanui o nā mahiʻai ʻuala ʻAkau Hikina ʻĀkau, ʻo ka hoʻololi maʻamau ʻelua makahiki me hoʻokahi i kaʻuala. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻapuni lōʻihi, akā ʻo nā noʻonoʻo waiwai e kaupalena i kēia hiki i ka hapanui o nā hihia. ʻO kahi hoʻohuli ʻekolu mau makahiki no ka nui o nā mahiʻai ʻo ia kaʻuala / cereal puna ma lalo.
Hōʻike ka papa 1 i nā hanana like ʻole no ka huli 2 makahiki, me kahi kuhi o kā lākou pono e pili ana i ka uhi ʻana o ka lepo, ka mālama ʻana i ka nitrogen, ka mālama ʻana i ka nāhelehele, ka pae mea ʻokanika, a me ka hoʻihoʻi waiwai. Hōʻike kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā ala he nui e hiki ai ke hoʻolauna i nā mea kanu i kahi ʻōnaehana hana maʻalahi. ʻO ke kūlana rotation ʻelua mau makahiki ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi i kēlā me kēia kūlana mahiʻai. ʻO ka māla me nā pilikia nematode e pane pinepine i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kanu uhi kolio a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka deficit mea ma ka ʻāina pālahalaha me ka millet Iapana ma ke ʻano he hua hoʻohuli.
ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻelua mau makahiki e hoʻohui i nā pono he nui o nā mea uhi uhi (scenario F ma ka Papa 1):
Makahiki 1- ʻohiʻohi kaʻuala i ka mua o Kepakemapa- Lulu ʻia ka rai rēke ma hope pono o ka ʻohi ʻana i kaʻuala
Makahiki 2- Hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo Rye i ka wā hiki ke hiki i ka pūnāwai- Ke lūlū ʻia nei ka cereal me ka legume undereed- ʻohi ʻia ka cereal i ʻAukake me ka mauʻu i ʻoki maikaʻi ʻia - Legume i waiho ʻia e hoʻomohala - Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Legume i ka pūnāwai ma mua o ke kanu ʻana o kaʻuala a i ʻole ka hopena hope inā ʻo ka ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻāina ke kahili.
Hāʻawi kēia hanana i ka uhi lepo maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka manawa wale nō e ʻōlohelohe ka lepo ke kanu wale ʻia kaʻuala a me ka cereal puna a ma ka ʻohi palaoa. E maikaʻi hoʻi ka kaohi mauʻu ma muli o ka rai a me ka mea ma lalo o ka cereal. Maikaʻi ka hoʻihoʻi mai o nā mea meaola i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka mea ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka tilth o ka lepo a hāʻawi nā mea kahiko (mauʻu) i ka hoʻokumu humus. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka nitrogen no ka rai, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi nui maikaʻi o ka nitrogen paʻa i ka ʻōnaehana me ka legume e ulu ana ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka palaoa. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi waiwai kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa mai ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. Inā kiʻekiʻe ka pae humus o ka ʻāina, a i ʻole hiki i ka mahiʻai i ka manure paʻa a i ʻole ka compost, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia aku ka mauʻu i mea e loaʻa hou ai ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO kēlā me kēia kūlana ou, e hoʻokolohua me nā mea kanu uhi i kāu mahiʻai a ʻike i ke kaho e pōmaikaʻi ai iā ʻoe a me ke kaiapuni.
Nā Papahana Hoʻolālā Ecological, McGill University (Macdonald Campus)