ʻO ka fertilization foliar ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i nā mea kanu mea kanu i nā lau kanu. Ma waho aʻe o nā aʻa, hiki i nā lau ke komo i nā mea kanu.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā meaʻai ma o ka stomata, ʻo ia nā puka o nā lau e hiki ai i nā kinoea ke neʻe i loko a i waho o ka mea kanu. Hiki ke pane wikiwiki loa nā ʻano meaʻai o ka petiole i ka fertilization foliar, no ka mea ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kali i nā aʻa e ʻohi i nā meaʻai e neʻe ana i loko o ka matrix lepo paʻakikī. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma o ka fertilization foliar, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i ke kanaka waena (ka pilina lepo/aʻa) a loaʻa pololei nā meaʻai i nā mea kanu.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻokoʻa ka fertilization foliar mai ka fertigation. Ma ka fertigation, hoʻohana ʻia nā fertilizers ma o kahi ʻōnaehana irrigation a laila ukali ʻia e kahi pōʻai wai maʻamau. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka fertigation ka lawe ʻana i ka mea momona i ka lepo, ʻaʻole i ka lau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka fertigation ma mua o ka foliar fertilization no ka hoʻoponopono a pale ʻana paha i nā hemahema o nā meaʻai; Eia naʻe, hāʻawi ka foliar fertilization i kekahi mau pono ma mua o ka fertigation.
I ka manawa e noʻonoʻo ai i nā fertilizers foliar
Hiki i ka foliar fertilizers ke hana maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hemahema micronutrient. He paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i nā micronutrients i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kūlana lepo alkaline maʻamau i Idaho a me Oregon hikina a me Wakinekona. ʻO nā micronutrients e like me ka zinc, ka hao, ka manganese a me ka boron i loko o ka lepo e liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi i nā mea kanu ke piʻi ka pH lepo ma luna o 7.5. Ma ke kāʻalo ʻana i ka lepo a me ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i kēia mau micronutrients i ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole loaʻa i kēia mau micronutrients ke nakinaki ʻia i ka lepo.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fertigation o ka phosphorus fertilizers inā loaʻa nā kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium a/a i ʻole ka magnesium i loko o ka wai irrigation. E hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi ka calcium a me ka magnesium me nā phosphates e hana i nā precipitates, a i ʻole nā mea paʻa. Hiki i kēia mau wai ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana sprinkler. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka foliar fertilizers phosphorus hiki ke lilo i ala kūpono no ka pale ʻana i nā pilikia clogging sprinkler e pili ana i ka wai irrigation waiwai nui o ka calcium a me ka magnesium.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lau i ka hopena o ke kau i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka tuber. Ua hōʻike ʻo Bryan Hopkins (BYU) i ka hopena o ke kau ʻana o ka lau o kahi huahana i loaʻa ka molybdenum a me ka boron e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka tuber ma o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻelemakule e hoʻomaka ma mua o ka maʻamau.
I ka wā ʻaʻole e hana nā fertilizers foliar
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa nā mea kanu foliar i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hemahema macronutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium). Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, pono nā mea kanu i ka nui o nā macronutrients ma mua o nā micronutrients e kākoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. Hiki i ka stomata lau ke komo i nā meaʻai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium a me nā macronutrients ʻē aʻe ma o ka lau e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mea kanu ʻuala.
Hiki i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ke ʻae koke ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea kanu āpau ma o nā noi lau; akā naʻe, he nui ka poʻe ʻaʻole i ʻae i ka pono o ka macronutrient foliar applications e hoʻoikaika i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā meaʻai meaʻai petiole. ʻO ka fertigation ke ʻano hana maʻamau no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai e like me ka nitrogen, phosphorus a me ka potassium i nā mea kanu, akā hopohopo kekahi poʻe mea ulu i ka hiki ʻana o nā meaʻai i ka mea kanu i mea e pono ai. Ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi nā hopena like ʻole i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā papahana hoʻohua kumu me nā noi foliar. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā noi hoʻomoʻo foliar, i nā manawa he nui ʻaʻole kūpono paha ka pilikia kālā i ka foliar-apply.
Nā Tips a me nā'Ōlelo
Inā hoʻoholo ʻoe he pono ke kumukūʻai o nā pono o ka foliar fertilization, eia kekahi mau manaʻo:
- ? E noʻonoʻo i ka helu noi. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana ma lalo o 1-2 pākēneka e hōʻemi i ka hiki ke wela ka lau.
- ? ʻO nā noi i ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi paha e hōʻemi i ka hiki ke wela.
- ? Pono ka nui o ka droplet e like me ka maikaʻi e hiki ai ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa like i ka pulu ma luna o nā mea kanu.
- ? Hiki i nā surfactant hui ʻana i ka pahu ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā meaʻai ma o ka ʻili lau.
- ? Mai foliar-pili i nā mea kanu i hoʻoluhi ʻia.
- E hahai i nā kumu hoʻomomona foliar a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo o ke Kulanui o Idaho no ka hā o nā meaʻai kumuʻai petiole o Russet Burbank uala i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻuala. macronutrients, me ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hua a i ʻole ka maikaʻi.
Aia kekahi mau palena i nā noi micronutrient foliar pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia. Wahi a Hopkins, ʻaʻole paʻa nā micronutrients foliar-applied i ka mea kanu. ʻO kēia hemahema o ka neʻe ʻana e koi ai i ka pono o nā pulupulu pinepine e hoʻolako i ka ʻiʻo hou me ka micronutrient.
3) Pehea e pale aku ai i ka pono o nā ʻōpala foliar
ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noi foliar fertilizer ʻo ia ka pale ʻana iā ia. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā noi fertilization foliar ma ke ʻano he ala hope loa no kēlā me kēia papahana fertility, no ka mea, he hana pāpā ʻia ia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā foliar sprays ma mua o ka mea kanu mua, topdress a me nā noi fertigation. ʻO ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ka hana a me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai i nā mea kanu ma o ka kanu mua ʻana, ka topdressing a me ka fertigation. Hiki ke ʻalo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lau o nā micronutrients ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kula o nā micronutrients chelated, a me nā ʻano hana acidification lepo e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sulfur elemental.