URBANA, Ill. - Ke hoʻokokoke nei nā ʻepekema i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā genes no ka palupalu i ka waterhemp a me Palmer amaranth, ʻelua o nā nāhelehele mahiʻai i hoʻopilikia loa ʻia ma ka US.
Hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā gen ke hoʻohana i nā hana "kaohi genetics" hou no nā nāhelehele, ka mea, i nā wahi he nui, ʻaʻole pane hou i nā lāʻau make.
"Inā ʻike mākou i nā gen e kāohi i ka maleness a hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonui i kēlā mau ʻāpana i loko o ka heluna kanaka, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea kanu i ke kula he kāne kāne ia ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna, a ma ke theoretically, e hāʻule ka heluna kanaka," wahi a Pat Tranel, polofesa a me ke poʻo pili. i ka Keʻena ʻo Crop Science ma ka Kulanui o Illinois a alakaʻi i ka mea kākau ma kahi noi i Phytologist Hou.
Ua ʻike mua ʻo Tranel a me kāna mau hoa i nā māka mole e pili ana i ka ʻāpana genomic kāne. Mahope iho ke kaʻina ʻana i nā genome mauʻu kāne no nā ʻano ʻelua, ua hiki i nā mea noiʻi ke hoʻohana i kēlā mau māka i zero i ka mahele kikoʻī male. I kēia manawa, aia lākou i loko o 120 a i 150 mau genes o ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou pahuhopu.
"Kūpono mākou i ka hapa nui o kēlā mau 120 a ʻoi paha nā gene e hana nei i kekahi mea. ʻO ia wale nō nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i kēlā wahi o ka genome, ”wahi a Tranel. "Inā wau e koho, e ʻōlelo paha wau he 10 paha o lākou e hana nei i kekahi mea pili."
ʻO ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana i nā ʻāpana e pili ana i ka wahine i kēia mauhele mauʻu hiki ke loaʻa ka waiwai kūpono no ka kaohi, akā hoʻomālamalama ka noiʻi i ke ʻano o ka dioecy - nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā moekolohe ma nā mea kaʻawale - ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO ka hapanui o nā holoholona he dioecious, akā liʻiliʻi ia i nā mea kanu. Ma mua o 90% o nā mea kanu pua i loaʻa nā kino moekolohe ma ka mea like, a ma waena o ka pua like.
ʻO Waterhemp lāua ʻo Palmer amaranth, eia nō naʻe he dioecious.
ʻO ke kumu o ka Dioecy he hiki ʻole ia i ka mea kanu ke hoʻohaumia iā ia iho; ma kahi o, pono e hoʻomomona ʻia nā gametes wahine e ka pollen kāne mai kekahi mea kanu. He mea maikaʻi kēlā no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka lāhui like ʻole i kahi heluna kanaka. A ʻo ia paha ka mea i hana maikaʻi i ka waterhemp a me Palmer amaranth i ka pale ʻana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā mea kanu he nui.
"I kēia lā, ua hoʻololi ka waterhemp a me Palmer amaranth i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau make i loko o ʻehiku a me ʻewalu mau ʻano hana. Loaʻa nā hopena a Dioecious reproduction i kēia mau ʻano kūʻē āpau i kāwili ʻia a kūlike ʻia i waena o nā kānaka. Ua ʻae kēia kāwili ʻana i nā lehulehu o nā ʻano ʻelua e hoʻohui i nā kūpaʻa herbicide he nui, e waiho ana i nā mea hana me nā koho herbicide kūpono, "wahi a Tranel.
Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hanana lahilahi o ka dioecy i nā mea kanu hiki ke kōkua i ka ʻepekema e ʻāpana like pehea e hoʻoilina ʻia ai nā hiʻohiʻona mai kēlā me kēia makua, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e ulu ai ka hanana.
ʻAʻole like me nā holoholona, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai ua ulu ka dioecy hoʻokahi wale nō manawa, manaʻo ka ʻepekema he dioecy i nā mea kanu i ulu i nā manawa he nui. A, e like me kā Tranel hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, ʻikea ua ulu kūʻokoʻa i ka waterhemp a me Palmer amaranth, ʻelua mau pilina pili loa.
"ʻAʻole au mākaukau e ʻōlelo ua maopopo leʻa ua ulu lākou i kahi kaʻawale, akā ʻo nā ʻike āpau i loaʻa iā mākou e kākoʻo ana i kēlā manaʻo. ʻElua wale nō o nā gen 120-150 i like kekahi i kekahi ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua, "i ʻōlelo ʻo Tranel.
ʻO kekahi o kēlā mau ʻāpana like, ʻo Florigen, kōkua i nā mea kanu e pane i ka lōʻihi o ka lā e ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka pua. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Tranel inā hoʻoholo ia i ka wahine o nā pua, akā hoihoi ʻo ia ua hōʻike ʻia ia ma ka mokuna Y kikoʻī no nā ʻano ʻelua.
“ʻAʻole maopopo iā mākou, akā pili paha me nā kāne e pua ana ma mua o ka wahine. Hiki ke pōmaikaʻi i nā kāne no ka mea a laila e hoʻokahe ana lākou i ka pollen ke lilo ka wahine i mua. No laila, inā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ulu ʻokoʻa ka Palapala a Palmer a me ka waterhemp, akā ua loaʻa ʻelua i kēia ʻāpana ʻo Florigen no kahi pono hoʻoikaika kino, he hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ia o ka evolution evolution. "
Manaʻo ʻo Tranel e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka ʻāina Y kikoʻī i nā ʻano ʻelua a ʻoi aku e hoʻokaʻawale i nā genes e hoʻoholo ai i ka maleness. ʻAʻohe kumu hoʻomalu e hoʻomohala ʻia kahi hopena genetic ke ʻike ʻia kēlā mau ʻaoʻao - Pono paha ʻo Tranel e huki i nā hoa hana no kēlā - akā ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea hana ʻaʻole mamao loa e like me ka wā ma mua.
ʻO ka ʻatikala, “Kāne-kikoʻī Y-chromosomal mau moku i ka waterhemp (ʻAmaranthus tuberculatus) a me Palmer amaranth (ʻO Amaranthus palmeri), ”Paʻi ʻia ma Phytologist Hou [DOI: 10.1111 / nph.17108]. ʻO nā mea kākau ʻo Jacob Montgomery, Darci Giacomini, a me Pat Tranel o ke Kulanui o ʻIlino, a ʻo Detlef Weigel o ka Max Planck Institute no Developmental Biology. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka papahana e ka ʻO USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture a me ka Max Planck Society.
Ke Keʻena ʻo Crop Science aia i ka Kulanui o nā mahiʻai, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ma ka ʻEpekema lau nahele ʻo ʻInikona.