Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) ʻo ia ka hana hoʻoulu wai holomua. Hāʻawi pololei ia i ka wai a me nā mea momona i ke aʻa aʻa o ka mea kanu, pololei a mālama i nā pono o nā mea kanu.
Pūnaewele Iripigation Dripface Dripface - Hoʻokahi Hoʻokahi, nā pono he nui
Mālama ʻo SDI i ka papa o ka lepo a hoʻomaloʻo a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka wai o ka wai mai ka lepo, a pēlā e mālama ai i ka wai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lawe ʻana o ka mea momona. ʻO ka lepo maloʻo e alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi nui i ka ulu mauʻu a me nā maʻi o nā mea kanu. Hoʻonui ʻo SDI i ke ola o ka dripline a pale iā ia mai ka mechanical a me ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana SDI me ka wai effluent i ka mahiʻai a me ka mālama ʻāina ʻana ma muli o ka pale ʻana i ka lawe ʻana o nā mea haumia a me nā pathogens mai ka wai i ka mea kanu a me ke kaiapuni.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo SDI no ʻekolu mau noi, e like me ka hua a me ke ʻano mahi.
- Hoʻokahi makahiki ʻo SDI pāpaʻu no nā mea kanu lālani a me nā mea kanu
- SDI mau no nā mea kanu lālani a me nā mea kanu
- SDI mau no nā alfalfa, nā māla a me nā kō
Drip Line Irrigation Spacing & Depth
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka dripper spacing ma ka dripline a ma waena o nā driplines e like me ka ʻano o ka lepo a me ka mea kanu, i mea e hoʻolako ai i ka palū ʻana i ka lepo no ka mea kanu.
Hana ʻia nā Driplines o nā paipu a me nā driper (emitters). Pono nā wā kūpono ma waena o nā dripping no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena maikaʻi loa mai nā ʻōnaehana irrigation drip.
5 mau manaʻo nui i ke koho ʻana i ke kahawai drip laina kūpono loa:
- Nā ʻano lepo:
Ke kulu (ʻano one) ke kumu o ka hamo ʻana, he "ʻumeke" liʻiliʻi ka wai: komo koke ka wai i ka lepo i ka hohonu a lohi i nā ʻaoʻao. Ke finer ʻia ka papa lepo, me ka nui o ka silt a me ka pālolo i loko o ia mea, ʻoi aku ka laulā o kēia "ʻula" a e like ke ʻano wetting me nā pōʻai me ke anawaena ʻoi aku, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lepo one. Pau ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i ka hapa nui o ka wai a me nā meaʻai mai ka papa luna o ka lepo. Ke piʻi hohonu ka wai a me nā meaola, hiki i nā aʻa ke hoʻopau i ka wai a me nā mea momona e hāʻule, me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka wai. Mālama nā wā dripper kūpono i ka wai ma ke ala e pili ai nā "ʻapu" a hiki i nā aʻa ke hoʻomohala ma ka dripline me ka ʻole o nā pale maloʻo ma waena o nā wahi pulu.
- Ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ka spacing:
Loaʻa nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, piha i ka pōmaikaʻi i nā wā pōkole ma waena o nā driper. Ke mamao loa nā drippers mai nā mea kanu, lohi a a hoʻomohala paha ka lohi, a ke lōʻihi loa ka drippers mai kekahi i kekahi he mea maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻano ulu ulu ʻole, kahi e hoʻomohala ʻia ai nā mea kanu kokoke i nā dripping. Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā meaola e ka momona, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻokoʻa o ka ulu ʻana ma muli o ka loli keu i ka mahele o ka nutrient a me ka lawe ʻana.
- Nā koi aeration aʻa:
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kekahi o nā mea kanu ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka aeration lepo haʻahaʻa. I nā māla, ʻoi aku ka driper ma waena o nā kumulāʻau e hoʻonui i ka hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻana o ke aʻa aʻa, a me ka ulu wikiwiki o nā lāʻau. Paipai nā dripping hou i ka ulu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lepo. Ke nui ke koi ʻana o ka nutrient, nā aʻa keu, a me ka nui o ka lepo e lawelawe, ma ke ʻano he buffer i nā mea kanu, a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā fluctuations o ka meaʻai.
- ʻO ke geometry ʻōnaehana:
Hiki i kahi aʻa aʻa mea kanu ke hohonu a papau paha. Hiki ke kumu i ka genetic, ka waiho ʻana o ka lepo, a i ʻole ka ʻauwai a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua. No nā mea kanu me nā aʻa hohonu, hiki i ka mamao dripper ke ʻoi aku ka nui, akā, ke loaʻa nā aʻa pāpaʻu i nā mea kanu, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka lepo i ka wai i komo i ka ʻauwai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wai a me ka lako pono o nā mea kanu. I ke kau hoʻololi: mai ke kau ua a i ka wā maloʻo a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pono paha nā aʻa e hoʻopili i nā loli nui i ka lau o ka lepo. Ke wikiwiki kēia hoʻololi, hiki i nā mea kanu ke ʻeha i ka pilikia o ka wai kuewa. Akā me ka nui o nā dripping (ʻoi aku nā helu wetting), ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka makū o ka lepo e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, e hopena ai i ka wikiwiki a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke koʻikoʻi wai i ka hoʻololi.
- Hoʻohui:
I nā māla me nā kumulāʻau nui aia kahi mamao loa ma waena o nā kumulāʻau, a i nā manawa he nui, ʻaʻohe kumu e hoʻoinu i ka hakahaka ma waena o kēia mau lāʻau. No ia mau māla, e like me nā walnuts a me nā lāʻau pāma, hāʻawi nā mea hāʻawi Metzer i kahi hopena dripline hou: Clustering. ʻO ka manaʻo ma hope o ka huhui ʻana he wai i kēlā me kēia lāʻau e hoʻoulu ʻia e kahi hui driper e pili ana i ka lāʻau. ʻO kēia ala ʻaʻole i hoʻokahe ʻia ka hakahaka ma waena o nā kumulāʻau a hoʻopili ʻia ka wai a me nā meaola āpau kokoke i ka lāʻau. Hoʻokahi makahiki ʻo SDI pāpaʻu
I hoʻokahi makahiki makahiki SDI papau e kau ʻia nā driplines ma kahi hohonu o 10cm a ʻoi iki paha ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana a kanu ʻana paha. I ka pau ʻana o ke kau e ulu nei, ʻohiʻohi ʻia nā driplines pā mānoanoa no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana, ʻoiai e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā driplines pā lahilahi no ka hoʻolei ʻana ma ka wā a ma hope paha o ka ʻohi ʻana.
SDI mau
I ka SDI mau no nā mea kanu lālani a me nā mea kanu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā driplines ma kahi hohonu o 20-50 cm, e like me ka mea kanu a me ka mahi mahi. Me ke kōkua o ka ʻenehana agro-mechanical hou, hoʻonoho ʻia nā driplines i ka hohonu i koi ʻia a me ka spacing me kahi kaha kikoʻī o ka wahi dripline, ma ka honua a ma o GPS paha. I kēia ala hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ke kūlana dripline i nā makahiki aʻe a hiki ke hōʻalo i nā pohō mechanical i nā pono wai.
I ka SDI mau no ka alfalfa, nā māla a me ke kō i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā driplines i ka hohonu i koi ʻia a me ka spacing e like me ka ʻano o ka lepo a me nā koi o ka wai huaʻai, me ka ʻole o ka māka wahi.
ʻO SDI ke ʻano ʻoi loa o ka wai i kēia lā. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia me ka ʻike ʻole a me ka ʻike pili i nā wahi o ka hoʻolālā, hoʻonohonoho a me ka mālama ʻana. He nui ka ʻike a Metzer a me nā huahana kū hoʻokahi i hoʻonohonoho i ka ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolako nui i nā ʻōnaehana SDI i Israel a me ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Hoʻoponopono Dripface Drip & Clogging
ʻO ka hopohopo e pili ana i ke kāpili ʻana i ka dripper ke kumu nui o ke kumu ʻo SDI, ʻoiai kona mau pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i lilo i ʻano wai hoʻoulu wai kaulana loa i kēia lā. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka clogging i luna o nā driplines honua e ka hui ʻana o nā mea like ʻole i loko o ka wai, e like me ka mea partulate (clogging kino), ka ua ʻana o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (clogging kemikal), a i ʻole ke hoʻomohala biofilm i loko o ka dripline a me nā emitters (clogging biology). . I nā ʻōnaehana SDI ʻelua mau kumu clogging hou: ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā aʻa a me ka omo ʻana o ka lepo a i ʻole nā huna lepo i loko o ka dripper i nā wā ma waena o nā pōʻai wai.
Palekana Dripper kiʻekiʻe
He ʻike lōʻihi ko Metzer a me nā huahana hoʻohehehehe drip kū hoʻokahi e pale ai i nā ʻōpala mai ka pale ʻana i nā palapala ʻelua ma luna o ka honua a me SDI.
He hopena nui ka hoʻolālā dripper i kona ʻike i ke kalai ʻana, i ka nui o ka kānana komo, ka ʻāpana o ke keʻa o nā ala wai, a me ka haunaele o ka wai a me ka wikiwiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia me ka wahi kānana komo komo nui loa, nā ala wai ākea a me nā kahawai kūpikipiki i ka labyrinth, hiki i nā drzer Metzer ke hana kūleʻa me kēia pilikia.
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka pilikia o ke komo ʻana o ke aʻa ma SDI me kahi kuikui wā o ka lāʻau make i loko o ka wai. Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻohana Metzer SDI i ka RootGuard® (RG) ʻenehana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau make i loko o ka hoʻohui dripper e pale ana i ke aʻa a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka dripper.
Eia hou, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Metzer i ka dripper anti-siphon ASSIF me ka ʻenehana RG. ʻO ka mīkini anti-siphon o ka ASSIF e pale i ka omo ʻana o ka wai a me nā huna lepo i loko o ka dripper a pale ka ʻenehana RG i ka dripper mai ke komo ʻana o ke aʻa. ʻO ka mea i luna ʻōpala ua ʻike ʻia he pale kūʻē ʻole i ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana SDI, ʻoiai me ka wai haʻahaʻa e like me ka effluent.