Nā pā palahalaha - ka pale kūpono e kū'ē i ka ʻino ʻana i nā ʻuala. (māhele-4)

I nā mea kanu kualono, he hoʻomaikaʻi a he hōʻino hoʻi ka ua. ʻO ka pahuhopu ka pale ʻana i ka ʻinoʻino a ʻae i ka wai e kahe mālie aku. Hoʻokahi hopena: nā pā wai transverse.

In mahi ʻuala , ʻo ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma ke kula he ʻelua ʻaoʻao o ke kālā hoʻokahi a he pilikia kūikawā. Ma muli o ka mahi ʻai nui a me ke kūkulu ʻana o ka puʻu, ua maʻalahi loa ka lepo i ka palaho i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Hiki i nā ʻauwai transverse a me/a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻāina ke kōkua i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai a ʻae iā ia e kahe i kona wahi.

ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pā wai transverse me ka lūlū ʻole a me ka ʻole o ka lūlū ʻana e hāʻawi pū i kēlā mau mahiʻai i ka manawa kūpono e pale pono iā lākou iho mai ka ʻino ʻana e lawe wale ana i nā wahi mai nā mahiʻai ʻē aʻe no hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO kēia, no ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino "ma ke koi". ʻO nā pā wai transverse kahi koho hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ua hōʻuluʻulu mākou i nā ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale aku i ka ʻino ʻana i loko kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo 7 e kūʻē i ka ʻino .

Nā pā hoʻomoe me ka ʻole o ka lūlū ʻana

Loaʻa ke ʻano hana pā transverse me ka ʻole o ka lūlū ʻana mai nā mea hana like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka ʻōnaehana All-in-one a i ʻole me ka hana puʻu/wili ʻana. Hoʻokumu nā pā transverse i kahi ʻōnaehana o nā pā liʻiliʻi he nui e ʻae ai i ka wai e kahe aku. ʻOiai he kakaikahi wale nō nā ʻili i pālahalaha loa, holo mau ka wai i nā wahi hohonu ma nā hahau nui. Ua nalowale ia ma kahi ʻē aʻe a alakaʻi i nā wahi pulu ma ka loft i paʻakikī ke holo ma hope o ka ua. Hiki i ka palaho hope ke laha ma ʻaneʻi.

Ma nā lepo lepo me kahi piʻi iki, hiki ke lawa ke ʻano o ka pā transverse no ka ridging/tilling. ʻO nā lepo one a lepo lepo, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaka e "holo" ʻoiai ma nā pali haʻahaʻa. Inā huki ʻia nā pā transverse i ka wā e kau ʻia ai, e hoʻomaka koke ka pale ʻana i ka ʻino ʻana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a hoʻokō i ka paʻa wai e pono ai.

Palekana kūpono e kū'ē i ka ʻinoʻino: nā pā pōhaku ʻōmaʻomaʻo

ʻO nā pā transverse i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻia me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu e loaʻa ai ka pale kūpono loa mai ka ʻino. I ko mākou ʻike, kūpono loa ka bale hoʻoilo no kēia. Mahi ikaika ia a ʻae maikaʻi i nā herbicides. Ua hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua me ka oats a me ka bale puna i nā pilikia hoʻohālikelike a ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i ka pale kūpono e kūʻē i ka ʻino. Loaʻa i ka bale hoʻoilo kekahi pono ma muli o ka nele o ka bolting.

Ua lūlū mau ʻia ka bale hoʻoilo ma waena o nā kualono i mua o ke kualono transverse ma ka wikiwiki o 40 a 50 kg/ha. Huki ʻo ia i ka lepo me ka hua a pēlā e hana ai i nā pā. Me kēia ʻano hana, ua hoʻopili nui ʻia ka hua ma nā pā transverse a ua kau ʻia ma nā hohonu like ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, holo ia me ka lohi o ka manawa.

Inā ua hōʻino ʻia ka bale hoʻoilo i puka mua mai e ka mālama ʻana i ka herbicide maʻamau, hiki i ka lohi o ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea kanu bale ke hoʻoponopono i ka nalowale. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā aʻa a me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o ka microbial o ka lepo e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻōpala lepo a hoʻopaʻa i nā kualono. Inā momona loa ka ulu ʻana, hiki ke wehe ʻia ka bale hoʻoilo i ke kaʻina pīpī ʻana i ka wā e piʻi ai i luna me ka herbicide. Ua lawa kēia e hōʻoia i ka pale kūpono mai ka ʻino a hiki i ka wā e pani ai nā ʻuala i nā lālani.

A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo nā hoʻonā i hana ponoʻī ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻenehana wale nō. Wahi a ka ʻike mai All-in-one GmbH, e loaʻa ana nā lako hana hou i mākaukau no nā moʻo me kahi mea hoʻokumu kualono transverse a me ka mea hoʻolaha APV ma ka mākeke mai ka makahiki 2024.

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Ke kālai ʻana i ka ʻōpala - nā koho ʻē aʻe:

ʻO GRIMME TerraProtect Pro

ʻO Logan Yield Pro - Water Dammer Diker

Nā mīkini e hakakā i ka ʻinoʻino (hōʻike)

Mīkini ʻuala.(Dammer) SN 173.2 Dammer Diker a me Furrow Diker

Ke kālai ʻana i ka ʻauwai i loko o ka palaoa

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ʻAʻole kūpono nā pā transverse no ka mahiʻai organik

ʻAʻole kūpono loa nā pā wai transverse no ka mahiʻai organik. ʻO nā hana e like me ka puʻu ʻana a me ka weeding e luku i nā pā wai transverse i hana ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka erosion i ka mahiʻai organik ma mua o ka mahiʻai maʻamau. ʻO nā mahiʻai a me nā kaikuahine Bioland Hōʻike ʻo Lucia lāua ʻo Marlene Gruber ma aneʻi pehea e kāohi ai i ka ʻino me nā mea kanu hopu hiki ke hana ma ka mahiʻai organik.

ʻO ka lūlū ʻana i ka palaoa ma waena o nā kualono e kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻauwaha i ka mahiʻai organik a e hōʻemi i ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana. Hoʻopaʻa pono nā aʻa kulina i ka lepo. Inā ʻoe e huki i kahi mea kanu i mahi maikaʻi ʻia mai ka lepo mai, e ʻike ʻoe pehea e uhi ʻia ai nā aʻa ikaika me ka lepo. Hoʻopili nā exudates aʻa i nā ʻāpana lepo a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpaʻa i ka ua.

Nā hoʻonā hoʻēmi i ka ʻino - olakino lepo (māhele-1)

Ka ʻino ʻana o ka lepo i ka wā o ka hoʻoinu ʻana - nā hana mahiʻai e hōʻemi i ka 2

Ke kaua nei i ka ʻino ʻana o ka lepo ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai me nā ʻāpana lāʻau haiki (māhele-3)