Source: Honua Hua
I ka wā e pili ana i nā mea hou i ka ʻāpana ʻuala, hiki mai ka naʻau ʻuala maoli. ʻOi aku ka hou o nā hua liʻiliʻi i ka poʻe mahiʻai, a ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā hopena nui.
"Pono ka poʻe mahi ʻuala kalepa e kamaʻāina i ka hana ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻuala hua, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu," wahi a Helen Tai, he ʻepekema noiʻi ʻuala a me genomics me Mahiai a me Agri Food Canada. "He ʻano genetically ka ʻōpuʻu a me nā mea kanu i loaʻa mai ka ʻuala."
ʻO kēia ʻano hana i kapa ʻia ʻo clonal propagation, akā ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomaopopo? Hoʻopuka nō hoʻi kēlā mea kanu i nā pua, i ka wā e pollinated ai, e hua mai i ka hua i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻanoʻano pōpō. "Ma loko o kēia mau pōpō hua he mau haneli mau hua liʻiliʻi i hiki ke lūlū ʻia i ka lepo no ka ulu ʻana i mea kanu ʻē aʻe," wahi āna. "Pēia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻuala iā ia iho."
ʻO kēlā mau ʻanoʻano i loko o nā pōpō hua kahi e loaʻa mai ai ka hua ʻuala ʻoiaʻiʻo a ʻo ia kahi hoʻolālā hoʻohua hou no nā mea kanu ʻuala. Wahi a Tai, ʻaʻole kēia he hana hou, ʻoiai ua kanu nā kānaka ma Andes ma ʻAmelika Hema i ka ʻuala mai nā hua ʻuala maoli a me nā ʻuala no nā kaukani makahiki. "Me he mea hou lā ka mea kahiko," wahi āna.
Akā ʻo ke kī nui pehea e hiki ai i nā hua ʻuala maoli ke hopena i ka hana meaʻai honua no ka maikaʻi. "Hiki i nā hua ʻuala maoli ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i ka lako a me ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai honua," wahi a Charles Miller, ka luna kālepa o ʻO Solynta. "ʻO ka wahi maopopo loa a nui loa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopena i loko o ka logistic a me ka scaling."
Hiki i ka iwakāluakumamālima kalama o ka hua ʻuala maoli ke hoʻololi i ʻelua a me ka hapa mau tona o nā hua ʻala, pono e kanu i hoʻokahi ʻeka ʻuala, wahi a Miller. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka wāwae kalapona ma ka honua. "Hiki ke mālama a hoʻouna maʻalahi kēia mau hua liʻiliʻi," wahi āna. "A laila, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke mālama i kēlā mau ʻanoʻano no nā makahiki e like me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO nā hua ʻuala maoli e hoʻopau i nā ʻeha ʻeha a pau e hele mai me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ʻuala hua kuʻuna.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi a me ka phytosanitary me ka lawe ʻana i ka hua ʻuala maoli ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻuala. "Hoʻokahi wale nō pathogen hiki ke lawe ʻia e ka hua ʻuala maoli, ʻo ia ka potato spindle tuber viroid," wahi a Tai. "ʻO nā maʻi hua a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana i ka ʻuala. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i ka hua ʻuala ʻoiaʻiʻo, e pale aku ʻoe i kekahi o kēia mau maʻi hua kōpaʻa."
Eia nō naʻe, he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻo Tai: inā ʻoe e hele i ka hana kūʻai maoli ʻana o nā hua ʻuala maoli, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomohala i nā maʻi maʻi. "ʻO kekahi o kēia mau maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka ʻōmato, no ka laʻana - hiki i kekahi o ia mau pathogens ke hele i ke ala evolutionary i ka ʻuala," wahi āna, me ka hoʻohui ʻana ʻaʻole kēia mau mea hiki ke wānana.
Eia kekahi, hiki wawe ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā huahana hou. "Hiki iā mākou ke hele mai hoʻokahi hua ma ka pae ma mua o ka pāʻoihana a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolaha pāʻoihana i 18 mau mahina - hiki i ka mākeke kuʻuna ke lilo i mau makahiki," wahi a Miller. I ka wā e pili ana i ka hana ʻana, ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻo Miller e hoʻopau piha ʻia mai nā ʻuala. "ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana mai nā ʻuala i kēia mau hua liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ka hopena - ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻano mīkini like ʻole, mahiʻai, inoa ʻoe," wahi āna. "Aia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā pōkole, e ʻike mākou i nā mea kanu kikoʻī e loli me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā hua ʻuala maoli."
ʻO ia hoʻi, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hua ʻuala ʻoiaʻiʻo, manaʻo ʻo Miller e hoʻomaka ana ʻoe e ʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā genetics hou: hiki paha i nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole no ka starch. E kanu kēia mau mea kanu ʻuala kūikawā i nā hua ʻuala maoli ma kā lākou mahiʻai, e lawe i nā mea kanu i ka oʻo a ʻohi i nā ʻuala G1. E hoʻouna ʻia kēlā mau ʻuala i ka ʻōnaehana hana maʻamau e loaʻa i ka ʻuala i kēia lā. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi? Hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i kahi hua kanu hua mua loa.
"Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻōpala o ka hanauna mua, ma ke kumumanaʻo, e loaʻa ana iā lākou ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka genetic," wahi a Miller. "He ʻumi makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kanu ʻia ka nui o nā kāpeti a puni ka honua, a i kēia lā, lulu pololei ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou. ʻAʻole ia he mea a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua, a ke ʻike ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka pōmaikaʻi, wikiwiki lākou e ʻike. I ka hopena: e loaʻa anei i ka hua ʻuala maoli ka wā e hiki mai ana?
"Ke manaʻo nei au aia kahi wā e hiki mai ana," wahi a Tai. "Aia ka hiki ke hana hou no ka ʻoihana ʻuala ma o ka hoʻohua diploid a me ka hua ʻuala maoli. No ka US a me Kanada, aia kekahi mau manawa e nānā ai i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka genetic a me ka mahiʻai ʻana ma nā wahi mamao. ʻOiaʻiʻo, manaʻo wau he ʻano like ʻole i ka ʻoihana ʻuala, e hāʻawi i nā mea ulu i nā koho he nui. "