ABSTRACT: – Ke pāʻani nei nā poʻe koa kaulana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana hua ʻuala maikaʻi o Punjab koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā ʻuala hua olakino i nā wahi like ʻole o India. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻO nā limahana hoʻolaʻa, pinepine mai nā mokuʻāina like ʻole, e hui pū i Punjab i ka wā o ka ʻuala manawa e hoʻokō ai i ka hana koʻikoʻi o ka rouging. Hāʻawi kā lākou hana ka mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me ka huahana o nā hua ʻuala, he mea nui ia no ka wā e hiki mai ana ka ʻuala i meaʻai nui. ʻO Rouging, kahi hana lima nui i ka hua ʻo ka hana ʻuala, ʻo ia ka uhuki ʻana i nā mea kanu maʻi a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ke olakino o ka mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā pilikia e like me ka pono o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa rouging manpower a ka puka ʻana o nā hana pono ʻole i ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai kēia mau pilikia, ʻo ke kuleana ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻoikaika ʻole i ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā hua ʻuala.
ʻO Punjab kahi kīʻaha hua ʻuala no Pan India. Kūʻai ʻia ka nui o ka mea kanu ma ke ʻano he ʻuala hua
i West Bengal, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, a me kekahi mau kaei ma na mokuaina o Inia. ʻO ka ʻenehana Plots Hua a me ka heluna heluna o nā pepeke liʻiliʻi i ka mahina ʻo ʻOkakopa/Noemapa a i ka waena o Ianuali me ka mahana kūpono no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka pono ʻāina, a me nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe e hāʻawi iā Punjab i kahi ʻoi no ka hana ʻana i nā hua ʻuala maikaʻi. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻopuka nā mea kanu ʻuala o Punjab ma kahi o 2.0 miliona mau ʻuala. He 1.1 miliona mau tona i kuaiia, a ua kanu hou ia ke koena.
I ka waena o ʻOkakopa a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa; he nui ka hustle a me ka haunaele ma Badshahpur, kahi kauhale liʻiliʻi ma ka palena o Central Potato Research Station, Jalandhar, Punjab. Nui nā limahana mai UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, a me Punjab; me ka ʻike i ka hana ʻuala e hui pū i kēia kauhale hiamoe ʻole o Punjab i ka wā kanu ʻuala. Aia keia poe paahana no ka hoopau ana i na mea kanu uala a ka poe kanu hua o Punjab.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau ʻuala ma Punjab. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe kanu ʻuala (E lilo i mau inoa nui o Sangha's, Bhatti's, Kapoor's, a i ʻole nā mea mahiʻai liʻiliʻi) e hoʻokokoke i kēia poʻe rouger a i ʻole ko lākou mau alakaʻi no ka hoʻopau ʻana i kā lākou hua ʻuala.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā hua ʻuala he mea paʻakikī loa. ʻAʻole kānalua ka nui o ka mīkini e ukali ʻia no nā hana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka lūlū ʻana a hiki i ka ʻohi ʻana, ka helu ʻana, ka hoʻolei ʻana, a me ka mālama ʻana akā a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana hua ʻuala i kapa ʻia ʻo ROUGING e hana lima ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea hana mechanical no kēia hana a ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopololei i kēia ʻanuʻu. He kiʻekiʻe ke koi o nā limahana i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo "ROUGERS" i ka wā kanu e hoʻohua i ka hua ʻuala maikaʻi. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea kanu kekahi mau mea e hoʻemi ai i ka hua o ka mea kanu, ʻo ia paha nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, nā pepeke/pest breakouts, a i ʻole kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi e like me ka pau ʻana o ka ʻuala, akā ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka hua ʻuala ke kumu palena mua loa. I ka hana ʻana i ka ʻuala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai hua i ka 40% a 50% o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai hoʻokomo i ka mahi ʻuala. Loaʻa ʻole ka hua maikaʻi i ka poʻe mahiʻai a i ʻole hiki ʻole i ka mea kanu hua ke mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka hua. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka nalowale o ka hana ʻana i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau kau hua. Ke hoʻololi nei ka ʻuala i kona helehelena mai kahi mea kanu i mea ʻai nui i nā manawa e hiki mai ana ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hiki ʻana o ka hiki ke hoʻohua i nā mea kanu cereal i ko lākou pāpū, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike e kūʻē i nā meaʻai meaʻai ʻole. ʻO ka pilikia o ke kaulike ʻole o ka noi a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā meaʻai a ʻo ia ke kuleana no ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai meaʻai i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma ka nānā ʻana, ua haʻi ʻia ka ʻuala i meaʻai e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka ʻuala kahi meaʻai maikaʻi i loaʻa i ka starch, nā huaora, nā minerala, a me nā protein. Ke ʻae nei ka hanauna hou i kāna mau huahana i hana ʻia, akā he nīnau nīnau nui ma ka ʻuala; he mea hiki ʻole ke mālama ʻia e like me ka maka ma kahi ākea a i ʻole i loko o nā waihona anu no ka manawa lōʻihi e like me ka cereals, no laila, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pilikia ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana e mālama i ka huahana i ka maikaʻi ʻole e nā huahana hou o ka ʻoihana hana. Rouging a me kona mau pono; Ma ka ʻōlelo Layman, ʻo ka roguing, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea kanu maʻi a me nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka māla ʻuala i manaʻo ʻia no nā kumu hua no ke kau e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka ʻuala kahi mea kanu i hoʻopulapula ʻia a i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka degeneration i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana he kiʻekiʻe loa ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā maʻi a me nā pathogens i loko o nā ʻuala e hōʻemi ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka huahana o ka hua ʻuala i ka wā o ka huaʻai. Aia kekahi mau lula a me nā protocols no ka roguing kūpono, ʻo nā mea nui
1. Ka pae o ka hua.
2. Ka uhuki pono i ka meakanu mai me na opu makuahine a me na mamo.
3. Hoolei pono.
He mea maʻamau i ka mahiʻai ka hoʻolei ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu maʻi ma nā kahawai wai a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kula. Ua hōʻoia maikaʻi ʻia ʻo kēia mau mea kanu ke kumu o ka maʻi e laha ʻia ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana, nā ʻōpala a i ʻole ka wai. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā Rougers, inā ʻaʻole, helu ia no ka hopena hope.
ʻO kahi ʻōlelo makaʻala no ka poʻe mahiʻai a me nā mea e pili ana i ka ʻoihana hua ʻuala ke lilo nei ʻo ROUGING i ʻoihana ulu nui no ka poʻe hoʻomaha mai ka ʻoihana mahiʻai a me nā keʻena noiʻi ʻuala a me nā limahana kahiko e hana ana i ka hana hua ʻuala me nā hale mahiʻai nui. ʻO ka hana maikaʻi ʻole i ukali ʻia e nā mea hana rouging e hoʻouna i nā limahana i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia no ka rouging a me ka hele wale ʻana i nā māla e hoʻopunipuni i nā mahiʻai he mea maʻamau i kēia mau lā. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Roguing ʻo "Weeding for money". He hana ʻano ʻē ia, e like me ka inoa i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea kanu maʻi a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, maʻi maʻi, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻaʻole.
"ʻoiaʻiʻo-i-ʻano" a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, mai nā mea kanu olakino a makemake ʻia.
Hoʻolilo ʻo Roguing i ka mea kanu i kūpono no ka nānā ʻana e nā ʻoihana hōʻoia a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku e manaʻo nei e nānā i ka hua kū ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaelike kūʻai. Hoʻonui ʻo Roguing i ka waiwai i nā manawa he nui ma mua o ke kumu kūʻai. No ka mea, ua hoʻonui ka poʻe roguers ʻuala i ka waiwai nui, no ka poʻe kanu hua ʻuala o Punjab. He poʻe koa kaulana kēia poʻe o kā mākou kaulahao meaʻai a pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, no ka mea, paʻakikī ka hana i kekahi manawa a hana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī o ka noe a me ka ua i ka wā o ka hana. He luhi a i kekahi manawa hoʻoluhi. Aia nā mahina ʻai kahi e ola kino ai ka nui o nā mea kanu ʻuala, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hele wāwae wale nei mākou no nā hola e nānā i kēlā me kēia mea kanu o ke kula.
Loaʻa i ka poʻe mahiʻai nui ko lākou kaulana ʻo "POTATO KING" no ka maikaʻi o ka hua ʻuala i hoʻolako ʻia i nā wahi kokoke a mamao. ʻO nā aupuni a me nā keʻena pili e paʻi i ko lākou kua akā poina i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻōlelo mahalo i ka poʻe limahana e hana ana ma hope o kēia mau kula nui i nā hola ʻē aʻe, a me ka wā ʻino e hāʻawi i ka hulu i kēia mau lama e lele kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka poʻe koa o hope e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka hua ʻuala e mālama i ka hae o ka hua ʻuala mai Punjab ma luna o kēia mākeke hoʻokūkū paʻakikī……
…. Aloha kāua i kā lākou hana.