Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana i nā kiʻi ukali me ka ʻimi hoʻopunipuni a ua hoʻokolohua maikaʻi ʻia e kakali i ka hana uala.
Nā kānaka noiʻi mai ka Laboratory Sensing Remote (LATUV) o ke Kulanui o Valladolid (UVa) ua hoʻolālā i kahi papa inoa mea kanu hou hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona wanana o ka hua. ʻO ka ʻenehana hou, kahi e hoʻohana ai i nā kiʻi ukali ʻo ESA Sentinel-2 a me ka aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini a me nā ʻenehana ʻike hana, ua hoʻokolohua maikaʻi ʻia i ka wānana ʻana i ka hua o ka ʻuala a me ka palaoa.
Pili ka hana mahiʻai i ka nui o nā kumu, nā kānaka a me nā kaiapuni, i hoʻokumu i ka kānalua ʻole i waena o nā mahiʻai. Akā hiki i ka ʻenehana ke lilo i mea kōkua nui i ka hōʻemi ʻana iā ia. ʻO kēia ka hihia no nā hiʻohiʻona computational e ʻimi e simulate i ka lawena o kahi mea kanu ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, e laʻa me ka lepo, ke aniau a i ʻole nā hana mahiʻai, a ke hilinaʻi nei i kēia evolution i manaʻo ʻia, e koho i ka hana mahiʻai.
"Nui a hewahewa nā hiʻohiʻona a maʻa mau lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano hua," wehewehe ʻo Diego Gómez, kahi mea noiʻi LATUV a me ka mea kākau mua o ʻelua mau noi i paʻi ʻia i loko o nā puke pai ʻO ka Journal Journal of Remote Sensing and Agricultural and Forest Meteorology.
Akā ʻo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ulu kuʻuna he mau palena, e like me "ka hiki ʻole o ka spatially model variability i loko o ka ʻāpana like" a i ʻole ka lehulehu o nā ʻikepili hoʻokomo e koi ai lākou "ʻaʻole i loaʻa maʻamau ma muli o ke kumukūʻai nui o ka manawa a me ke kālā e pili ana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana iā lākou. . ”
Ulu ulu wahi kahi i koho ʻia ai / D. ʻO Gómez
No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ke pāʻani nei mākou i kahi ʻenehana, ʻike mamao ʻana, e hoʻohana nei i nā kiʻi spectral i lawe ʻia e nā mea ʻikepili optika (i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā satellite, nā mokulele, nā drone, a me nā mea like ʻole) a hiki ke hoʻopihapiha a pani hoʻi i kekahi mau ʻano hoʻohālikelike kuʻuna. Hāʻawi kēia mau kiʻi spectral i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka mokuʻāina a i ʻole ka phenology o ka hua - nā loli kūwaho i ʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina hoʻomohala mea kanu - i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻike komo e wānana i nā mea kanu.
"Uhi nā kiʻi uila i ka pono no ka ʻikepili hoʻokomo, ʻae i ke komo ʻana i nā pūnaewele mamao, a he uku haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hiki pono o ka hua, "i kākau ʻia e ka mea noiʻi LATUV, nāna e hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi o nā ʻōkuhi spectral - nā ʻano makemakika e hui pū i nā kāʻei spectral - nā mea kanu i hoʻohana mau ʻia e koho i ka ikaika a i ʻole ka mānoanoa o nā mea kanu - ka mea i wānana i ka hoʻohua ʻana i ka hua - ʻo ia ka NDVI (NDVI).
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kaʻina manawa o kēia papa kuhikuhi e hana i nā mana wānana o nā mea kanu he mea maʻamau i nā palapala ʻepekema. Hoʻohana kēia index i ka lau nahele vegetance - ka hiki i nā mea kanu ke hōʻike i ke kukui - i nā kaula spectral ʻelua, ʻulaʻula a kokoke i ka ʻulaʻula, e pili ana i kekahi o nā kukui i hoʻohana ʻia no ka photosynthesis a me ke ʻano o nā pūnaewele o nā lau.
He papa kuhikuhi kanu mea hou
Ua hoʻomohala nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo LATUV i kahi papa kuhikuhi hou i kapa ʻia ʻo PPI e pili ana i nā kiʻi ukali o ESA Sentinel-2, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻike spectral e pili ana i ka photosynthesis - 400 a 700 nanometers - e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka uila electromagnetic spectrum -704 nanometers, Red Edge band a me 945 nanometers, band wai omo wai, i hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka hua, e like me ke koʻikoʻi o ka wai - ke koi ka mea kanu i ka nui o ka wai ma mua o kāna.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kānaka noiʻi i ka hiki i ka wānana o nā mea kanu ʻelua, NDVI a me PPI, me nā ʻikepili hou aʻe mai nā kiʻi ukali. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hoʻohana lākou i ʻelua mau ʻenehana Artificial Intelligence a me Machine Learning (i kapa ʻia ʻo Random Forest a me Support Vector Machine), a ua hana i nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike like ʻole a lākou i hoʻohui ai i kēia mau papa kuhikuhi me nā pēpē ukali ʻē aʻe.
"ʻO ke kuhiakau, ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi papa kuhikuhi e hoʻohana ana i nā kāʻei ʻē aʻe i komo ʻole i ka papa kuhikuhi NDVI kaulana a, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, me kekahi mau hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hiʻohiʻona wānana," wahi a Gómez, ka mea i neʻe mua ʻo ka mea hope loa, ua hiki i ka wānana o nā mea hoʻohālikelike ke "hoʻonui i ka wā i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kekahi o nā mea kanu ʻelua", kahi e waiwai ai "ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia ʻikepili me ka hui pū ʻana me kekahi mau ukali ukali".
ʻO nā wānana hou aʻe i ka mahi ʻana i kaʻuala
Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa e hāʻawi ana ka papa inoa PPI i ka ʻike e like me ka NDVI ke hoʻohana nei i ka algorithm Support Vector Machine, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike ma mua o ka NDVI i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Random Forest algorithm, nā huaʻōlelo hoʻohiki "i kau i ka papa i kahi papa inoa mea kanu hou i hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wānana. hōʻiliʻili i nā hiʻohiʻona e pili ana i nā kiʻi ukali.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi hou ma ka mahi ʻana i kaʻuala i kahi wahi aʻo kūloko. Ma hope o ka palaʻai, ʻo kaʻuala kekahi o nā mea kanu meaʻai nui a puni ka honua. He kuleana nui ia i ka palekana meaʻai o nā ʻāina kūkulu a he kaumaha nui hoʻi i ka ʻāpana mahiʻai ʻEulopa, me Kelemania, Palani, Netherlands a me Polani nā mea hana nui. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia hoʻi i ka palaoa me ka ʻikepili i lawe ʻia ma Mekiko.
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka lakohana e hoʻonui i ka helu o ka ʻikepili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ke k modelkohu, e uhi i kahi ʻāpana aʻoi aku ka nui e hoʻonui i ka variati spatial a hoʻohui i nā mea kanu hou. Nā kuanaʻike i kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kālā a hiki ke kōkua i ka poʻe mahiʻai e wānana pono i kā lākou ʻohiʻohi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.