Mai ka kanu ʻana i kaʻuala a hiki i ka pani ʻana o ka lālani kahi manawa hana no nā mea kanu. He wā hana nui nō ia no ka nāhelehele. Ke kiʻi nei i nā lāʻau make i ka manawa kūpono a me ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā hana mahi mahi ma waena o ke kanu ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o ka lālani ke kī no ka kaohi mauʻu mai ka hoʻomaka a ka hopena. ʻO ka manawa mai ke kanu ʻana i ka puka ʻana he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule a, mai ka puka ʻana a hiki i ka pani laina, ʻehā a ʻelima mau pule.
Eia ke kumu o ka manawa.
Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻo University of Idaho he 5% a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa o ka US No. 1 inā ʻaʻole e kāohi ʻia ka nighthade huluhulu mai kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala a 22 mau lā ma hope (ʻelua mau pō huluhulu i kēlā me kēia lalani mika). Inā 1 wale no m lalani hoʻokūkū e hoʻokūkū i nā kau holoʻokoʻa, a laila ua lilo ka 21% US ʻAno 1 i ka hua.
- Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokele weed integrated e hāʻawi i ka kaohi ʻoi maikaʻi loa i ka ʻuala: nā moʻomeheu, nā mīkini, nā mea hana, a me nā mea olaola i loaʻa no ka kāohi nāhelehele, ma mua o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea hana kaohi mauʻu.
Aia kekahi mau ala ʻokoʻa i ka mahi ʻana i ka wā mahiʻai ma aneʻi a pili kēia ʻatikala i ʻelua. Hoʻohana lāua ʻelua i kahi hana hoʻoulu wai / waihona wai.
- I kekahi manawa e kuhikuhi ʻia ka mahiʻai Reservoir e kekahi o nā inoa inoa, ʻo Dammer Diker.
- No nā hanana ʻelua, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lako mahi hoʻoulu wai i ka puʻu i ka manawa like.
- Hoʻopili kekahi mau mea hana i kahi mea sprayer i ka hope o nā pono mahi mahi ʻai a me ka mea kāpīpī-hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau make (Kiʻi 1).
- Nānā ʻole i ke kūlana, ʻo ka hana hilling-reservoir mahi mahi ʻai ka hope loa e hoʻokō ʻia a hiki i ka ʻohi ʻana.
(Hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike hilling kūpono i ka hopena o kēia ʻatikala.)
Heluhelu a hāhai i ka lepili lāʻau make
Hoʻopili nā lāʻau herbicides me nā ʻano hana o ka hana i mea e loaʻa ai ka laulaha ākea ākea ākea a pale a hoʻopaneʻe paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā lāhui nāhelehele kūpaʻa pale. Hoʻolālā i nā tank-huikau lāʻau make e hoʻoholo i nā nāhelehele i loaʻa i kahi kahua i hāʻawi ʻia. Hoʻohuli i nā ʻano hana lāʻau make o ka hana mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki.
Nānā 1
ʻO "Drag-off" ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala a me kahi hana "hilling-reservoir tillage" ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau lāʻau postemergence ma hope o kēlā hilling. Hōʻike 2.
- ʻO Drag-off me kahi harrow a i ʻole nā pono like e "kīkē i lalo" i ka puʻu kaulike i kūkulu ʻia i ke kanu ʻana i kokoke ai ka ʻāpana hua i ka papa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka māla, akā, inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea kanu kikoʻī me nā hiʻohiʻona GPS, ʻaʻole hiki ke mahi i ka waihona wai hilling hope a hiki i ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala ke ʻike ʻia nā lālani.
- Hiki i ka Drag-off a me ka hilling ke kāohi i ka mauʻu i ulu wale. Hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau make me kahi mahi pāpaʻu papau me ka mālama ʻana e hōʻino ʻole i ka ʻāpana hua a i ʻole nā ʻuala i kokoke i ka papa.
- Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua mahi ʻia ka mahi ʻana ma hope o nā lāʻau make i mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka pale o ka lāʻau make.
- ʻO nā kumu pono o ka noi lāʻau make ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka waihona wai: Chemigation; ke hoʻopili nei i kahi boom spray i ka hope o nā pono a laila kaomi ʻana i ka wai. hoʻohana o nā sprayers i hoʻolālā ʻia e kipaku ʻia ma waena o ke kahua i loaʻa ka waihona i kahi mahi ʻia akā mālama ia i kahi boom spray pae no ka mahele like ʻana o ka lāʻau make.
- Inā he hana lepo wale nō nā mea hoʻohana i nā lāʻau ʻino, a laila pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka noi ma hope koke o ka hilling postemergence i hiki.
Herbicides i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no Scenario 1 (noi ma hope o ka kū ʻana o kaʻuala)
Rimsulfuron (Matrix a me nā mea ʻē aʻe)
- Hiki ke kāohi i nā nāhelehele ʻelua i hui pū ʻia ʻole ʻia.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā he mauʻu nāu ma lalo o 1 ʻīniha ke kiʻekiʻe.
- ʻAe ʻia ka postemergence split + postemergence noi.
- Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka preemergence + postemergence.
Metribuzin (mau inoa kālepa he nui)
- Hiki ke kāohi i nā nāhelehele i ulu a me nā nāhelehele hui ʻole ʻia.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke hele nāhelehele <1 iniha ke kiʻekiʻe.
- Kāleka ʻia ka preemergence + postemergence split applications.
- ʻAe ʻia ka Postemergence + postemergence split applications ma Idaho, Oregon, a me Wakinekona wale nō.
(Kahakaha: ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ʻano ʻuala ke ʻae i ka metribuzin.)
EPTC (Eptam)
- ʻAʻole kaohi i nā mauʻu i kupu.
- Hoʻowahāwahā nui, no laila inā hoʻopili ʻia me kahi rig lepo ma mua o ka chemigation, pono e hoʻohui ʻia (ʻoi aku ka pīpī-hoʻopili ʻia) i ka lā like me ka noi.
Pendimethalin (Prowl H2O a me nā mea ʻē aʻe)
- ʻAʻole kaohi i nā mauʻu i kupu.
- ʻO ka postemergence i ka wā mua a hiki i ka pae 6-inch o ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala i ʻae ʻia.
- palapala aie: Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma ka drag-off, akā naʻe, e hoʻopilikia ka mahi ʻana ma hope i ka papa lāʻau make a hiki i ka mauʻu ke kupu.
S-metolachlor (Pālua Magnum)
- ʻAʻole kaohi i nā mauʻu i kupu.
- ʻAe ʻia ka chemigation postemergence ma o ka pivot waena.
- Hoʻouna ʻia paha ka noi postemergence ma mua o kahi noi mua.
Palena, kahi hui o s-metolachlor + metribuzin.
- Hiki i ka Metribuzin i kēia huahana ke kaohi i nā mauʻu i kupu.
- ʻAe ʻia ka hoʻohuihui ʻana me ka metribuzin hou inā e ukali ʻia nā palena palena a me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī.
Metolachlor (Stalwart a me nā mea ʻē aʻe)
- ʻAʻole kaohi i nā mauʻu i kupu.
Hoʻoponopono wale ka postemergence me sethoxydim (Poast a Poast Plus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a me clethodim (Koho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
- Do aole chemigate i kēia postemergence, mauʻu-wale nā mea kanu.
Nānā 2
ʻAʻohe kauō. ʻO ka hana mahi hānai Hilling ma mua o ka kū ʻana o kaʻuala a laila ukali ʻia e ka noi lāʻau make a ma mua hoʻi o ka kū ʻana o kaʻuala. Pono paha kahi noi lāʻau make ma hope o ka hope. (E nānā i ke kiʻi 3.)
- Hiki ke hana i ka mahi ʻana i ka waihona wai i loko o kēia hanana i kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ke kanu ʻana akā ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala.
- Me ka nānā ʻole i ka manawa, hana ʻia kahi "moena maʻemaʻe" no ka mea hiki ke kāohi ʻia nā nāhelehele ulu me kēia hana.
- I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau make i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka preemergence no Scenario 2.
- Pono e hoʻopili i ka noi lāʻau make ma hope koke o ka hilling i hiki ke maikaʻi.
- Hoʻokomo i nā mea make āpau i hoʻopili ʻia i mua o ka noi e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu i ka lāʻau make. Inā noi ʻia e ka lepo, pono ka ua a i ʻole ka pīpī pīpī no ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka papa ʻelua iniha kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo kahi e ulu ai ka nui o nā hua nāhelehele.
- Hōʻike ʻia kahi laʻana o Outlook + Linex i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia hanana i ke kiʻi 4.
ʻO nā herbicides wale nō no ka Scenario 2
Dimethenamid-p (Outlook)
ʻO Ethalfluralin (Sonalan)
Flumioxazin (Chateau)
- Pono e hoʻopili ʻo Chateau i ka wā hiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana no ka mea ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 ʻīniha o ka lepo i uhi ʻia e uhi ana i nā ʻōpuʻu ma ka noi (a me ka hoʻopili ʻana) makemake ʻia ka manawa.
Fomesafen (Reflex)
- No ka hoʻohana ʻana i kaʻuala i kanu ʻia me ka hoʻoulu wai luna wale nō. No ka hoʻohana wale ʻia ma Idaho, Wakinekona a me Oregon me nā makemake kūikawā kūloko 24 (c). E hōʻoia i kou mokuʻāina no nā lepili a me nā lā palena pau o ka lepili.
Trifluralin (Treflan a me nā mea ʻē aʻe)
Linuron (Linex a i ʻole Lorox a me nā inoa kālepa ʻē aʻe)
- Loaʻa kahi hana a Linex i nā nāhelehele i kupu mai, akā naʻe, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala e pale i ka hōʻeha.
- No Linex ma kaʻuala i ulu ma ke komohana o nā Pōhaku Pōhaku: ʻO Idaho, Wakinekona a me Oregon i kēia manawa he 24 kūloko Pono XNUMX (c) lepili. E hōʻoia i kou mokuʻāina no nā lā palena pau o ka lepili a me nā kapu ʻē aʻe.
Sulfentrazone (Willowood Sulfentrazone 4SC a me nā mea ʻē aʻe)
- e haʻalele aku: Kelepona nui i nā lepo me ka pH o 7.5 a ʻoi aku a / a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka mea pīpī me ka wai alkaline kiʻekiʻe, keu hoʻi inā ʻano maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka lāʻau make i loko o ka hopena o ka lepo - maikaʻi no ka kaohi mauʻu hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana ke hōʻeha i ka hua. E hoʻohana i ka uku haʻahaʻa no kāu ʻano lepo a me ka pH.
- Kuhi ʻia mua o ka sulfentrazone a me metribuzin (Willowood MTZ 4SC)
Pono paha ka noi lāʻau hope ma hope o ka hope
Pono paha ka Scenario 1 i kahi noi lāʻau make lāʻau hope ʻelua. Pono paha ka Scenario 2 i kahi noi lāʻau make ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka noi preemergence ma muli o ke kaomi nui o ka nāhelehele, nā weuweu ʻōpala, a me / a ʻaʻohe o ka noi mua i hana i kekahi mau ʻano nāhelehele.
- Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Matrix a me / a i ʻole metribuzin i kēia hanana no ka mea hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka uala a loaʻa ka hana ma nā nāhelehele i kupu.
- ʻO ka manawa e pili ana i ka nui o ka mauʻu a me ke koho lāʻau make a mea nui loa. ʻO kahi laʻana o metribuzin i noi ʻia postemergence i kiʻi ʻia i ke kiʻi 5.
Ua kupu mai nā mea kanu ʻo Burndown no ka mauʻu ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala a ma mua a ma hope paha o ka huki ʻana a me / a i ʻole ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka waihona wai?
- Kaha ʻia ka Glyphosate, paraquat, a me / a i ʻole carfentrazone (Aim) i ka ʻuala.
- Loaʻa kahi hana foliar wale nō (ʻaʻohe hana residual hana).
- Pono e noi ma mua o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala (ʻoiai ma mua o ka haki).
- Maikaʻi ka hana ma hope o ka noi ʻana, akā pono, kahi manawa kūpono no ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau make ma mua o kēlā mahi ʻana.
Kūpono hilling manawa e kāohi ai i nā nāhelehele
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻana ma ke Kulanui o Idaho inā haʻahaʻa ka heluna lehulehu o nā nāhelehele a ulu kahi ʻano uala hoʻokūkū, e mahi ana ke liʻiliʻi ka mauʻu a ʻo nā mea kanu ʻuala he 4 a 6 paha ʻīniha ke kiʻekiʻe i hiki ke hāʻawi i ka kaohi mauʻu ʻeleu
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lūlū ʻana i kaʻuala ma mua o 8 a 10 mau ʻīniha ke kiʻekiʻe hiki ke kumu i ka pruning root a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā hua a me ka maikaʻi o ka tuber
Hiki i nā mahi ʻana he nui ke hoʻopili i ka lepo, hoʻemi i ka aeration a me ka ulu ʻana o kaʻuala a me ka hana ʻana i nā papa e ʻeha ai ka ʻuala i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka mahiʻai ma hope o ka noi ʻana i nā lāʻau makehewa e hoʻopōpō i ka pale o ka mea kanu a lawe mai i ka lepo i hana ʻole ʻia, a malia paha, he hua weed hou aʻe.
Hiki i nā mahiʻai manawa kūpono ke kaohi i ka germination mua, nā mauʻu mau makahiki i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lau, ʻo ia ka maʻamau <1 iniha ke kiʻekiʻe, i ka manawa o ka mahi ʻana (Kiʻi 6 ma lalo).
- Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ʻo 3 i 4 mau ʻīniha ka lōʻihi mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, akā naʻe, ke> 4 ʻīniha, a laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka mahi ʻana (Kiʻi 7 ma lalo).
- ʻOiai ua uhi mua ʻia nā nāhelehele nui me ka lepo i ka wā o kahi mahi ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ola a ala hou.
- Inā pulu ka lepo, pono e hoʻopaneʻe ka mahi ʻana i ʻole hiki ke kō a ʻaʻole hiki i ka mauʻu ke "aʻa" hou i ka lepo pulu.
- ʻAʻole paha e kaohi ʻia nā nāhelehele lālani me ka waihona wai hilling.
hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
He mea nui ka manawa. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hana mahi mahi wā kūpono a me nā noi lāʻau make he mea nui ia no ka holomua, kaohi mauʻu lōʻihi. ʻO nā mea nui ka nāhelehele. Pono e hoʻokō i nā ana kaohi nāhelehele ma mua o ka pani ʻana o ka lālani potato. ʻAe i ka mauʻu mau e noho no ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ke kū ʻana o kaʻuala i hiki ke hopena i ka lilo o ka hua.
- ʻO Matrix a me metribuzin wale nō nā mea make ʻino i palekana i ka ʻoka a he hana foliar ma nā nāhelehele ākea i kupu.
- Inā ʻaʻole, Prowl H2O (a i ʻole 3.3EC), Eptam, Pālua Magnum a i ʻole Stalwart hiki ke hoʻopili pono ʻia i kaʻuala - ʻaʻole lākou e pepehi i nā nāhelehele i kupu aʻe. Palena, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hui ʻana o metribuzin a me s-metolachlor ma hope o ka puka ʻana o kaʻuala a loaʻa kahi hana ma nā nāhelehele i kupu.
- Preemergence i kaʻuala wale nō - Chateau, Linex, Outlook, Sonalan, Sulfentrazone, Treflan a me Reflex (kahi i lepili ʻia no ka hoʻohana).
- Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā lāʻau make "burn-down" e like me glyphosate, Aim, a i ʻole paraquat i mua i kaʻuala. E kali lōʻihi ma hope o ka noi ma mua o kahi mahi ʻana.
- Pākuʻi / kāwili i nā lāʻau make a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka hana a me nā hoʻohuihui pahu wai i pahu i nā nāhelehele i loaʻa i kahi kahua i hāʻawi ʻia.