He aha ka hewa o kaʻu hua ʻuala? ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i ka lalo o kēlā nīnau e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika a me ka ʻike. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e nā lygus bugs. Inā hāpai ʻoe i ka mea kanu a nānā i ke kumu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻōpala kahi i hānai ʻia ai nā ʻōpala lygus me ko lākou mau waha hū.
I ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia ma ka māla mahiʻai, kōkua ia e noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe iho he mea noiʻi hana hewa e ʻimi ana i nā hōʻailona a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi manawa o nā hanana.
E hāmama ka noʻonoʻo
Hiki i nā kumu like ʻole no nā hōʻailona like. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā lau i ʻōwili ʻia a ʻokiʻoki me nā ʻaoʻao poni a me ka melemele hiki ke hōʻike i ka maʻi zebra chip, lygus bug hānai ʻeha, hehi i ka mea kanu, a me nā mea hou aku. No ke aha mai? Ua like ka poino ma kahi pae hana. Hoʻopaʻa lākou a pau i ka neʻe ʻana mai o nā lau a hiki i ke koena o ka mea kanu, ma ka pale ʻana i ka phloem a i ʻole ma ka hoʻopōʻino kino ʻana i nā cell phloem.
E nānā pono i nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia
E nānā i nā mea ʻino a nānā i nā ʻāpana o ka mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā hemahema o ka meaʻai, akā hiki i kahi o nā hōʻailona ma ka mea kanu ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hōʻemi i nā koho. ʻO nā meaʻai e neʻe wale ana i loko o ka mea kanu ma ka xylem a me ka phloem (e laʻa, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium) hōʻike maʻamau i nā hōʻailona ma nā lau ʻelemakule. ʻO ia no ka mea, ua hoʻihoʻi ka mea kanu i kēia mau meaʻai ma o ka phloem, mai nā lau kahiko a i ka lau hou - ʻo ia hoʻi, ua kaumaha lākou i ka ulu kahiko no ka mea hou.
ʻAʻole hiki kēia me nā meaʻai e neʻe ʻole i ka phloem (e laʻa, calcium, hao, zinc). No laila, ke hoʻomaka ka mea kanu e pau i kēia mau meaʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona ma ka ulu hou. E ʻimi i nā hōʻailona o nā pests a pathogens, nā hōʻike kino e like me ka fungal mycelia a me nā spores, nā inike a me kā lākou kulu, nā pūnaewele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
E hoʻouna i nā laʻana mea kanu i kahi keʻena diagnostic no ka nānā pono ʻana.
- E hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu me nā hōʻailona ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia e ka pala a i ʻole nā pilikia lua. E hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka mea kanu. E hoʻohui i nā mea kanu olakino no ka hoʻohālikelike.
- E hoʻokomo i nā laʻana i loko o nā ʻeke plastik, a i ʻole i loko o nā ʻeke pepa inā hoʻouna ʻia nā mea ʻiʻo e like me ka ʻuala ʻuala. Mai hoʻohui i ka wai. E hoʻokomo i nā mea a pau i loko o kahi pahu paʻa a mālama i ka maʻalili a hiki i ka hoʻouna ʻana.
- E hoʻopiha i kahi laʻana palapala hoʻouna a hōʻike i ka lab i ka wā e manaʻo ai kāu hoʻouna.
- Moku ASAP. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka lā aʻe, koe wale nō ka hiki ʻana i laila i ka hopena pule ke pani ʻia ka lab.
E ʻimi i nā hiʻohiʻona ma ke kahua
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei, ʻano like nā hōʻailona i loaʻa mai nā kumu ola ʻole (mechanical, chemical, nutritional, environmental, etc.) ma waena o nā mea kanu i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ʻike ʻia ma ka laina laina (A) a i ʻole nā kumu maʻamau (B) ma ke kula. ʻO nā hōʻailona mai nā kumu ola (nā maʻi maʻi, nā pepeke, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻaneʻane like ʻole, me kekahi mau mea kanu e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona ʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e kū mai ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kula. ʻO nā maʻi e like me ka laha hope, Verticillium wilt, a me ka nematode a i ʻole ka pōʻino wireworm e hana i nā wahi wela (C). ʻO nā pepeke e hele mai ana mai ka lihi o ke kula (e laʻa, ʻo Colorado potato beetles, leafhoppers, a me potato psyllids) hana maoli nā hōʻailona e hoʻomaka kokoke ana i ka palena o ke kula (D).
E hoʻokumu i kahi laina manawa
Ua ʻike koke ʻia paha nā hōʻailona? Ke laha nei nā hōʻailona? ʻO nā hōʻailona i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke aniau (e laʻa, ka huahekili, ka uila, ka makani) a i ʻole ka hewa o ka hoʻohana ʻana (e laʻa, ʻo ka herbicide drift, nā koena o ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe) ʻike pinepine ʻia a ma hope koke paha o ka hanana. ʻAʻole lākou e laha i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ma hope. ʻO nā hōʻailona i hana ʻia e nā mea ola ke hele mālie. Hoʻolaha ka hapa nui o nā maʻi a me nā pilikia pili i nā pepeke mai kahi mea kanu a kanu, i kekahi manawa lohi (e laʻa, uwea worms) a i kekahi manawa wikiwiki (e laʻa, late blight).
Hōʻuluʻulu ʻike
E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka lepo, nā hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kanu, a me ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona. Hoʻokō ʻia nā pono meaʻai o ka mea kanu? Ua hana hewa paha me kahi noi (e laʻa, ka helu hoʻohana hewa ʻana, ke koena pahu pahu)? He aha ke ʻano o ke anā? Ua loli koke ka ea? ʻO nā mea kanu e ulu ana i nā kūlana anuanu a me ka ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuka i nā lau me kahi cuticle lahilahi a maopopo. He palupalu a hiki ke poino ke lilo koke ka wela a me ka lā, a i ʻole makani nui, a i ʻole ke anu.
E noʻonoʻo i ka mōʻaukala kahua
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mea i ke kau ma mua e pili ana i nā mea kanu i kēia manawa? Hiki i ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ke hoʻomau i ka lepo i hiki ke hōʻino i ka ʻuala i kanu ʻia i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana (e laʻa, Arsenal, Hoʻopiʻi [BASF], Banvel [Arysta LifeScience], a Paʻa [Corteva Agriscience]). Hiki mai ka pilikia o ka lawe 'ana ke ho'ohana 'oe i ka herbicide ki'eki'e, ho'ohana i ka herbicide i ka hopena o ke kau, a i 'ole ma kahi o ke kaiapuni (e la'a, ka maloo) a i 'ole nā 'ano o ka lepo (e like me ka ha'aha'a ha'aha'a, nā lepo 'ele'ele) ka hopena i ka lohi kemika. .
He pilikia paha me ka ʻuala a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i ulu ma ke kula ma mua? ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōʻino mai nā nematodes a i ʻole wireworms e hoʻi hou mai inā pilikia lākou i ka wā ma mua. He paʻakikī ke hoʻopau loa iā lākou, ʻoiai me nā fumigants lepo a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā pilikia o ka maikaʻi o ka lepo (e laʻa, ka lepo sodic, ka lepo paʻakai, ka pH kiʻekiʻe) hiki ke ʻike ʻia inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka lepo.